The paper concerns the impact of the diverse land use in the Silnica river catchment, within the city of Kielce, on the size and dynamics of concentration and load of transported suspended solids, and the variability of the mineral particles mean grain size, during various flood types. This small river flows through the centre of Kielce, the city of 200,000 population in Poland. In its course, the river flows through areas of various land use. In the upper reaches, the catchment is dominated by forests, in the middle the river flows through a reservoir and the lower – through an urban area. Hydrological measurements and transport of the suspended solids were carried out simultaneously in three hydrometric cross-sections of the Silnica, which close the sub-catchments of the land use as mentioned above. The investigations were carried out during floods of various origins: induced by snowmelt, torrential rainfall and frontal rainfall. The analysis indicates that the two rainfall-induced flood types, characteristic for the summer season, show high runoff dynamics. In contrast, snowmelt-induced floods show high concentration and load of the transported suspended solids. In the section of the watercourse flowing through the city, there is an abrupt increase in runoff and suspended solids concentration. Thus, there may be periodic threats to fish and invertebrates, leading to a reduction in the population of living organisms.

该论文涉及凯尔采市内 Silnica 河流域的不同土地利用对各种洪水期间输送的悬浮固体的浓度和负载的大小和动态的影响，以及矿物颗粒平均粒度的可变性类型。这条小河流经凯尔采（Kielce）市中心，这是波兰拥有 200,000 人口的城市。在此过程中，河流流经各种土地利用区域。在上游，流域以森林为主，在中部河流流经水库，下游流经市区。悬浮固体的水文测量和运输在 Silnica 的三个水文横截面同时进行，这些横截面关闭了上述土地利用的子流域。调查是在各种原因的洪水期间进行的：由融雪、暴雨和锋面降雨引起。分析表明，夏季特有的两种降雨引发的洪水类型显示出高径流动态。相比之下，融雪引发的洪水显示出高浓度和高负载的输送悬浮固体。在流经城市的水道部分，径流和悬浮固体浓度突然增加。因此，鱼类和无脊椎动物可能会受到周期性威胁，导致生物体数量减少。融雪引发的洪水显示出高浓度和高负荷的输送悬浮固体。在流经城市的水道部分，径流和悬浮固体浓度突然增加。因此，鱼类和无脊椎动物可能会受到周期性威胁，导致生物体数量减少。融雪引发的洪水显示出高浓度和高负荷的输送悬浮固体。在流经城市的水道部分，径流和悬浮固体浓度突然增加。因此，鱼类和无脊椎动物可能会受到周期性威胁，导致生物体数量减少。