The paper shows that for the case of an ideal gas in the equilibrium state there exists a method for splitting it into portions with different temperatures without energy transfer to or from the environment and without work being done. Compared with the thought experiment known as ‘Maxwell's demon’, in which such splitting is based on sorting specific molecules according to their energy levels, the process described does not require the energy of a specific molecule to be determined. Here the splitting is guided by the average energy of a group of molecules. The paper establishes the fact that the average energy of molecules striking the wall over a period of time is higher than the average energy of all molecules constituting the gas; this fact is what substantiates our method. This explains how a process that may result in extracting a higher temperature portion of the gas in the equilibrium state is generally possible. The paper considers one of the implementations of this process. We also show that groups of molecules may be split off from the gas, the average energy of said groups being lower than the average energy of the gas molecules in total.

中文翻译：

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Maxwell's quasi-demon 作为理想气体在平衡状态下的特性

该论文表明，对于处于平衡状态的理想气体，有一种方法可以将其分解为不同温度的部分，而无需向环境传递能量或从环境传递能量，也无需做功。与被称为“麦克斯韦恶魔”的思想实验相比，这种分裂是基于根据能量水平对特定分子进行分类，所描述的过程不需要确定特定分子的能量。这里的分裂是由一组分子的平均能量引导的。该论文确立了一个事实，即在一段时间内撞击壁的分子的平均能量高于构成气体的所有分子的平均能量；这一事实证实了我们的方法。这解释了可能导致提取处于平衡状态的较高温度部分气体的过程通常是如何可能的。本文考虑了该过程的一种实现方式。我们还表明，分子群可以从气体中分离出来，所述基团的平均能量低于气体分子总的平均能量。