Brillouin imaging (BI) is increasingly recognized to be a powerful technique that enables non-invasive measurement of the mechanical properties of cells and tissues on a microscopic scale. This provides an unprecedented means for investigating cell mechanobiology, cell-matrix interactions, tissue biomechanics and other fundamental biological questions. Recent advances in optical hardware have accelerated the development of BI techniques, with increasingly finer spectral resolution and more powerful system capabilities. We envision that further developments will enable the translation of BI to clinical applications in disease screening and monitoring. In light of the recent shift towards biomedical applications, this review summarizes the state-of-the-art in Brillouin microscopy and imaging techniques with a specific focus on biological tissue and cell measurements. Key system and operational requirements are discussed to facilitate wider application of BI along with current challenges for clinical translation of the technology for clinical and medical applications.

布里渊成像（BI）越来越被认为是一项强大的技术，它可以在微观尺度上无创地测量细胞和组织的机械性能。这为研究细胞力学生物学，细胞基质相互作用，组织生物力学和其他基本生物学问题提供了前所未有的手段。光学硬件的最新进展以越来越精细的光谱分辨率和更强大的系统功能加速了BI技术的发展。我们认为，进一步的发展将使BI能够在疾病筛查和监测中转化为临床应用。鉴于最近向生物医学应用的转变，这篇综述总结了布里渊显微镜和成像技术的最新发展，特别关注生物组织和细胞测量。讨论了关键系统和操作要求，以促进BI的广泛应用，以及当前临床和医学应用技术的临床翻译面临的挑战。