The one of the main types of land degradation that cause the most damage to the state of soil cover is local waterlogging of soils. Only in Russia, about 9 million hectares are currently considered waterlogged, including 5 million hectares of agricultural land. On the lowland plains of the forest-steppe zone of the Central Black Earth Region of Russia, local over moistening of the soil cover creates significant difficulties in the use of arable land resources. Natural factors effects waterlogging are the amount of precipitation and the level of groundwater. The objects of research are virgin and arable soils with different hydromorphic conditions in the Central Russian Upland. The article presents results about humus content and reserves in Chernozems typical, Chernozems leached, Meadow-chernozemics soil, Chernozems-meadow soil and Chernozem wet-meadow soil. According to our investigations the most rich humus soils of the forest-steppe is semi-hydromorphic Meadow-chernozemics soils. Meadow-chernozemics leached and typical soils have an average thickness of the humus horizon of 88 and 85 cm and contain about 8.5 and 8.8% humus in the arable layer. Humus reserves in horizons A + AB is 623 and 629.5 t/ha and in a meter layer is 653.5 and 672.5 t/ha.

对土壤覆盖状态造成最大破坏的主要土地退化类型之一是土壤的局部内涝。仅在俄罗斯，目前约有 900 万公顷土地被认为是涝地，其中包括 500 万公顷农田。在俄罗斯中部黑土区森林草原带的低地平原上，局部过度湿润的土壤覆盖给耕地资源的利用带来了很大的困难。影响内涝的自然因素是降水量和地下水位。研究对象是俄罗斯中部高地具有不同水变条件的原始耕地土壤。本文介绍了典型的黑钙土中腐殖质含量和储量的结果，浸出的黑钙土，草地黑钙土，黑钙土-草甸土和黑钙土湿草甸土。根据我们的调查，森林草原中最丰富的腐殖质土壤是半水形草甸黑钙土。浸出草甸-黑钙土和典型土壤的腐殖质层平均厚度为 88 和 85 厘米，可耕层中含有约 8.5% 和 8.8% 的腐殖质。A + AB 层的腐殖质储量为 623 和 629.5 吨/公顷，米层为 653.5 和 672.5 吨/公顷。