Nano-structure Barium Titanate (BaTiO₃) doped with 1 mole% Sm³⁺ and Gd³⁺ ions have been synthesized by modified sol-gel process. The tetragonal perovskite structure has been demonstrated by means of X-ray diffraction and selected area electron diffraction obtained by high resolution transmission microscopy. The XRD and HRTEM have been used for estimation the grain size, which found to be around 38.36 and 33.26 nm. The scanning electron microscope micrographs asserted the formation of agglomerated particles, which is characteristic of many nano-systems. The green emission has been observed at 528, 567 and 597 nm, whereas red group emission at 604, 611, 632, 643, 660, 672, 688, 716 and 732. The thermal stability and the purity of the synthesized material were confirmed by the results of Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Two relaxation processes were observed in the dielectric loss εʹ as well as in the modulus spectra of both samples. The dielectric behavior was further discussed in the range of terahertz by using the time domain terahertz spectrophotometer. the refractive index in terahertz were found to be dwindle, whereas the absorption coefficient improved upon increasing THz frequencies.

掺杂1摩尔％Sm ³⁺和Gd ^3+的纳米钛酸钡（BaTiO ₃）离子已通过改进的溶胶-凝胶法合成。已经通过X射线衍射和通过高分辨率透射显微镜获得的选择区域电子衍射证明了钙钛矿的四方结构。XRD和HRTEM已用于估计晶粒尺寸，发现晶粒尺寸约为38.36和33.26 nm。扫描电子显微镜照片断言了团聚颗粒的形成，这是许多纳米系统的特征。在528、567和597 nm处观察到绿色发射，而在604、611、632、643、660、672、688、716和732处发射红团。通过以下方法确认了合成材料的热稳定性和纯度：热重分析（TGA）和差示扫描量热法（DSC）的结果。εwell以及两个样品的模量光谱。通过使用时域太赫兹分光光度计，进一步讨论了在太赫兹范围内的介电行为。发现太赫兹的折射率变小，而吸收系数随着太赫兹频率的增加而提高。