Cotton is an important fiber crop but has serious heterosis effects, and cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is the major cause of heterosis in plants. However, to the best of our knowledge, no studies have investigated CMS Yamian A in cotton with the genetic background of Australian wild Gossypium bickii. Conjoint transcriptomic and proteomic analysis was first performed between Yamian A and its maintainer Yamian B. We detected 550 differentially expressed transcript-derived fragments (TDFs) and at least 1013 proteins in anthers at various developmental stages. Forty-two TDFs and 11 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were annotated by analysis in the genomic databases of G. austral, G. arboreum and G. hirsutum. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses were performed to better understand the functions of these TDFs and DEPs. Transcriptomic and proteomic results showed that UDP-glucuronosyl/UDP-glucosyltransferase, 60S ribosomal protein L13a-4-like, and glutathione S-transferase were upregulated; while heat shock protein Hsp20, ATPase, F0 complex, and subunit D were downregulated at the microspore abortion stage of Yamian A. In addition, several TDFs from the transcriptome and several DEPs from the proteome were detected and confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR as being expressed in the buds of seven different periods of development. We established the databases of differentially expressed genes and proteins between Yamian A and its maintainer Yamian B in the anthers at various developmental stages and constructed an interaction network based on the databases for a comprehensive understanding of the mechanism underlying CMS with a wild cotton genetic background. We first analyzed the molecular mechanism of CMS Yamian A from the perspective of omics, thereby providing an experimental basis and theoretical foundation for future research attempting to analyze the abortion mechanism of new CMS with a wild Gossypium bickii background and to realize three-line matching.

中文翻译：

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野生Bickii遗传背景的新型细胞质雄性不育系的转录组学和蛋白质组学分析

棉花是重要的纤维作物，但具有严重的杂种优势，而胞质雄性不育（CMS）是植物杂种优势的主要原因。然而，据我们所知，尚无任何研究对具有澳大利亚野生比克比棉的遗传背景的棉花CMS Yamian A进行调查。首先在Yamian A及其维持者Yamian B之间进行了转录组和蛋白质组学分析。我们在不同发育阶段的花药中检测到550个差异表达的转录本片段（TDFs）和至少1013个蛋白。通过在南方农杆菌，植物农杆菌和陆地棉的基因组数据库中进行分析，对42种TDF和11种差异表达蛋白（DEP）进行了注释。为了更好地了解这些TDF和DEP的功能，进行了基因本体论和《京都议定书》的基因与基因组百科全书。转录组和蛋白质组学结果表明，UDP-葡萄糖醛酸/ UDP-葡萄糖基转移酶，60S核糖体蛋白L13a-4-like和谷胱甘肽S-转移酶均被上调。而在Yamian A的小孢子流产阶段，热休克蛋白Hsp20，ATPase，F0复合物和D亚基被下调。此外，通过定量实时PCR检测并证实了转录组中的一些TDF和蛋白质组中的一些DEP为在七个不同发展时期的萌芽中表达出来。我们建立了Yamian A及其维持者Yamian B在不同发育阶段的花药中差异表达基因和蛋白质的数据库，并基于该数据库构建了一个相互作用网络，以全面了解具有野生棉遗传背景的CMS的潜在机制。我们首先从组学的角度分析了CMS Yamian A的分子机制，从而为今后的研究提供了实验基础和理论基础，试图分析具有野生Bickii背景的新型CMS的流产机理并实现三线匹配。