Thyroid malignancies are among the most common endocrine cancers worldwide. Owing to the angiogenic nature of these malignancies, tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are an attractive potential treatment. However, TKIs have been associated with an increased risk of tumor cavitation, in turn linked to poor outcomes, in patients with malignancies in the lungs, where thyroid cancer commonly metastasizes. We performe d a retrospective cohort study of patients with thyroid cancer and evidence of metastatic disease to the lung that were treated with multi-targeted antiangiogenic TKIs. The primary objective of this study was to determine the incidence of pulmonary cavitation. The secondary objective was to evaluate the effect of pulmonary cavitation on survival. Of the 83 patients with pulmonary nodules, 10 developed cavitation during treatment. Of these 83 patients, two patients had to stop the treatment due to pneumothorax. Additionally, cavitation did not demonstrate any significant effect on survival. In patients with thyroid cancer and evidence of metastatic disease to the chest, the use of multi-targeted TKIs led to cavitations that were not uncommon but clinical consequences were marginal. Treatment was stopped only in two patients that developed pneumothorax, however the small sample is a strong limitation of our study.

中文翻译：

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接受抗血管生成药物的甲状腺癌患者的肺空化

甲状腺恶性肿瘤是全世界最常见的内分泌癌症之一。由于这些恶性肿瘤的血管生成特性，酪氨酸激酶抑制剂（TKI）是一种有吸引力的潜在治疗方法。然而，在患有甲状腺癌通常转移的肺部恶性肿瘤患者中，TKIs与增加的空化风险相关，进而导致不良结果。我们进行了一项甲状腺癌患者的回顾性队列研究，并用多靶点抗血管生成性TKI治疗了肺转移性疾病。这项研究的主要目的是确定肺空化的发生率。次要目标是评估肺空化对生存的影响。在83例肺结节患者中，有10例在治疗过程中出现了空化现象。在这83例患者中，有2例由于气胸而不得不停止治疗。此外，空化对生存没有明显影响。在患有甲状腺癌且有转移性胸部疾病证据的患者中，使用多靶点TKI导致空化并不少见，但临床后果微不足道。只有两名发生气胸的患者才停止治疗，但是样本量少是我们研究的一个强烈限制。