Wind turbines have been increasingly erected in earthquake regions to harvest abundant wind energy. However, the wind turbine tower is slender and lightly damping, which exhibits high susceptibility to earthquake-induced vibration. It is challenging to mitigate the seismic vibration of the tower. In this study, a bi-directional tuned mass damper (BTMD) is proposed to mitigate the seismic vibration of the wind turbine tower. Meanwhile, a lumped-mass finite element model (LFEM) and a coupled blade tower finite element model (CBFEM) are used to investigate the vibration mitigation performance of the BTMD. First, the BTMD and corresponding dynamic equilibrium equations are systemically introduced. Accordingly, the optimum stiffness and damping of the BTMD at different mass ratios are investigated. Then, the dynamic prosperities of the LFEM and CBFEM are compared. Subsequently, the seismic responses of the wind turbine with the BTMD are conducted using the LFEM and CBFEM. Meanwhile, the mitigation performances of the BTMD under uni- and bi-directional earthquakes are investigated. The displacement, acceleration, and bending moment of the wind turbine tower are analyzed in time domain and frequency domain. Note that the influential factors, including mass ratio and structural frequency, on the vibration mitigation performance of the BTMD are investigated. Results show that the proposed BTMD can significantly mitigate the peak values of the top displacement and bottom bending moment. However, the blade tower coupling effect and frequency variation of the tower would have influences on the mitigation efficiency of the BTMD. The results enable a better understanding of the seismic vibration mitigation of the wind turbine tower using tuned mass dampers.

中文翻译：

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基于双向调谐质量阻尼器的风轮机塔架减震

在地震地区越来越多地竖立风力涡轮机以收集丰富的风能。然而，风力涡轮机塔架细长且阻尼很小，因此对地震引起的振动表现出很高的敏感性。减轻塔架的地震振动具有挑战性。在这项研究中，提出了一种双向调谐质量阻尼器（BTMD），以减轻风力涡轮机塔架的地震振动。同时，采用集总质量有限元模型（LFEM）和叶片耦合塔有限元模型（CBFEM）来研究BTMD的减振性能。首先，系统地介绍了BTMD和相应的动态平衡方程。因此，研究了在不同质量比下BTMD的最佳刚度和阻尼。然后，比较了LFEM和CBFEM的动态繁荣。随后，使用LFEM和CBFEM进行带有BTMD的风力涡轮机的地震响应。同时，研究了BTMD在单向和双向地震作用下的减震性能。在时域和频域分析了风力涡轮机塔架的位移，加速度和弯矩。注意，研究了质量比和结构频率对BTMD减振性能的影响因素。结果表明，提出的BTMD可以显着减轻顶部位移和底部弯曲力矩的峰值。但是，叶片塔架的耦合效应和塔架的频率变化会影响BTMD的缓解效率。