ABSTRACT The objective of this research is to understand how new social and environmental practices are introduced and developed in clusters. From an international perspective and based on cluster literature, we propose that leading firms and supporting organizations are the main drivers of these practices. In particular, we work on the hypothesis that firms with solid international experience, innovative capacity and resources, as well as having stable relationships with local organizations, positively affect social and environmental practices within clusters. Empirical evidence gathered on 175 Spanish footwear firms located in clusters obtained in 2018 reveals that firms are the conduit for incorporating new social and environmental practices in traditional clusters. This is particularly true of larger, highly internationalized firms or those of more recent creation. Contrary to our expectations, the role of innovation capacity and local supporting organizations has not been endorsed. Finally, policy and managerial implications for the local dissemination of social and environmental practices are presented.

中文翻译：

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支持组织和领先公司：向集群内的社会和环境实践过渡

摘要 本研究的目的是了解如何在集群中引入和发展新的社会和环境实践。从国际角度并基于集群文献，我们建议领先的公司和支持组织是这些实践的主要驱动力。特别是，我们假设具有扎实国际经验、创新能力和资源以及与当地组织关系稳定的公司，会对集群内的社会和环境实践产生积极影响。2018 年在集群中收集的 175 家西班牙鞋类公司的实证证据表明，公司是将新的社会和环境实践纳入传统集群的渠道。对于较大的、高度国际化的公司或最近创建的公司。与我们的预期相反，创新能力和当地支持组织的作用尚未得到认可。最后，介绍了当地传播社会和环境实践的政策和管理影响。