Abstract

Oxidative stress plays a critical role in nanotoxicity. Various types of nanoparticles are known to induce oxidative stress by generating intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Cellular uptake of nanoparticles and intracellular metal ion release are important factors for intracellular ROS generation. Besides, ROS generation can result from interactions of nanoparticles and cells that lead to mitochondrial dysfunction. In vivo, nanoparticles induce the secretion of cytokines, which, in turn, induce secondary oxidative stress via generation of ROS and free radicals. However, not all nanoparticles induce oxidative stress. Intracellular ROS generation by nanoparticles depends on their physical and chemical properties, such as the crystalline phase, adsorption ability, and solubility. Even if the particle size is nanoscale (1–100 nm), physically and chemically inactive particles do not induce oxidative stress. Thus, the particle size is not a direct influencing factor in nanoparticle-induced oxidative stress.

摘要

氧化应激在纳米毒性中起关键作用。已知各种类型的纳米颗粒通过产生细胞内活性氧 (ROS) 来诱导氧化应激。纳米粒子的细胞摄取和细胞内金属离子的释放是细胞内 ROS 产生的重要因素。此外，ROS的产生可能是由于纳米颗粒和细胞的相互作用导致线粒体功能障碍。体内, 纳米粒子诱导细胞因子的分泌, 进而通过产生 ROS 和自由基诱导继发性氧化应激。然而，并非所有纳米粒子都会诱发氧化应激。纳米粒子产生的细胞内 ROS 取决于它们的物理和化学性质，例如结晶相、吸附能力和溶解度。即使颗粒大小是纳米级（1-100 nm），物理和化学惰性颗粒也不会引起氧化应激。因此，粒径不是纳米颗粒诱导的氧化应激的直接影响因素。