ABSTRACT

Introduction

Non-allergic rhinitis (NAR) is a heterogeneous nasal disease with high global prevalence. NAR can be subclassified as nonallergic rhinitis with eosinophilia syndrome (NARES), vasomotor rhinitis (VMR), and local allergic rhinitis (LAR). Although the precise factors involved in the etiology of NAR are not clear, there is evidence that immunological factors play an important role in the pathogenesis of NAR. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the immunological and neurogenic mechanisms involved in the diagnosis and treatment of NAR.

Areas covered

This review provides a comprehensive overview of the immunological basis of diagnostic and treatment strategies for NARES, VMR, and LAR. In particular, recently documented molecular and immunological mechanisms of NAR are discussed, which may help to better understand the mechanisms underlying the pathologies of the different endotypes of NAR.

Expert opinion

An increasing number of studies investigating the pathogenesis of NAR suggest that the immunological mechanisms underlying the different subtypes of NAR vary greatly, and are still not fully understood to accurately diagnose these subtypes. Thus, further studies should focus on making diagnosis and treatment of NAR more precise, safe, and effective. A better understanding of the immunological mechanisms involved in NAR should help in the discovery of new diagnostic and treatment strategies.

中文翻译：

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非过敏性鼻炎的诊治：聚焦免疫机制

摘要

介绍

非过敏性鼻炎 (NAR) 是一种异质性鼻病，在全球范围内流行率很高。NAR 可细分为非过敏性鼻炎伴嗜酸性粒细胞增多综合征 (NARES)、血管舒缩性鼻炎 (VMR) 和局部过敏性鼻炎 (LAR)。虽然参与 NAR 病因的确切因素尚不清楚，但有证据表明免疫因素在 NAR 的发病机制中起重要作用。本综述全面概述了 NAR 诊断和治疗中涉及的免疫学和神经源性机制。

覆盖区域

本综述全面概述了 NARES、VMR 和 LAR 诊断和治疗策略的免疫学基础。特别是，讨论了最近记录的 NAR 的分子和免疫学机制，这可能有助于更好地了解 NAR 不同内型病理的潜在机制。

专家意见

越来越多的 NAR 发病机制研究表明，NAR 不同亚型的免疫机制差异很大，目前仍未完全了解准确诊断这些亚型。因此，进一步的研究应侧重于使 NAR 的诊断和治疗更加精确、安全和有效。更好地了解 NAR 所涉及的免疫学机制应该有助于发现新的诊断和治疗策略。