ABSTRACT

Introduction

The quest to combat bacterial infections has dreaded humankind for centuries. Infections involving ESKAPE (Enterococcus spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter spp.) impose therapeutic challenges due to the emergence of antimicrobial drug resistance. Recently, investigations with bacteriophages have led to the development of novel strategies against ESKAPE infections. Also, bacteriophages have been demonstrated to be instrumental in the dissemination of virulence markers in ESKAPE pathogens.

Areas covered

The review highlights the potential of bacteriophage in and against the pathogenicity of antibiotic-resistant ESKAPE pathogens. The review also emphasizes the challenges of employing bacteriophage in treating ESKAPE pathogens and the knowledge gap in the bacteriophage mediated antibiotic resistance and pathogenicity in ESKAPE infections.

Expert opinion

Bacteriophage infection can kill the host bacteria but in survivors can transfer genes that contribute toward the survival of the pathogens in the host and resistance toward multiple antimicrobials. The knowledge on the dual role of bacteriophages in the treatment and pathogenicity will assist in the prediction and development of novel therapeutics targeting antimicrobial-resistant ESKAPE. Therefore, extensive investigations on the efficacy of synthetic bacteriophage, bacteriophage cocktails, and bacteriophage in combination with antibiotics are needed to develop effective therapeutics against ESKAPE infections.

中文翻译：

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ESKAPE 的噬菌体：在致病性和控制措施中的作用

摘要

介绍

几个世纪以来，人类一直害怕对抗细菌感染。由于抗菌素耐药性的出现，涉及 ESKAPE（肠球菌属、金黄色葡萄球菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、鲍曼不动杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌和肠杆菌属）的感染给治疗带来了挑战。最近，对噬菌体的研究导致了针对 ESKAPE 感染的新策略的开发。此外，噬菌体已被证明有助于 ESKAPE 病原体中毒力标记的传播。

覆盖区域

该综述强调了噬菌体在耐药性 ESKAPE 病原体中和对抗其致病性的潜力。该综述还强调了使用噬菌体治疗 ESKAPE 病原体的挑战以及噬菌体介导的 ESKAPE 感染中抗生素耐药性和致病性的知识差距。

专家意见

噬菌体感染可以杀死宿主细菌，但在幸存者中可以转移有助于病原体在宿主中存活和对多种抗菌剂产生抗性的基因。关于噬菌体在治疗和致病性中的双重作用的知识将有助于预测和开发针对抗微生物 ESKAPE 的新型疗法。因此，需要对合成噬菌体、噬菌体混合物和噬菌体与抗生素联合使用的功效进行广泛研究，以开发针对 ESKAPE 感染的有效疗法。