A Vivaldi dipole rectenna system for infrared (IR) energy harvesting is investigated. First, a parametric study on the Vivaldi dipole antenna is performed to collect the maximum electric field between the Vivaldi poles. The antenna arms were optimized to achieve a high‐efficiency rectenna system. The two arms of the antenna were formed using two different metals, that is, gold and titanium. These two metals have different work functions, which facilitate the diode operation through tunneling at zero bias. The two arms of the Vivaldi dipole are overlapped, and a suitable insulator layer is injected in the overlapped area to form the metal‐insulator‐metal (MIM) diode. The MIM diode is an ideal candidate for this operation as it works without any bias, provided the two metals have different work functions. For rectenna operation, it is crucial that the rectifying diodes should work without any aid of external bias. The Al₂O₃ is the insulator layer of the MIM diode. We have chosen Al₂O₃ because it has a low dielectric constant at terahertz frequency regime, which allows us to match the operational cut‐off frequency, that is, 28.3 THz. A parametric study of the Al₂O₃ insulator layer is performed to increase the captured received intensity. At the end, the nano‐antenna operates at a frequency band of [26 … 30 THz] to harvest IR energy from the environment with good efficiency and demonstrate its capacity to capture incident waves and obtain high‐intensity values within its gap. It is a development that could eventually boost electricity generation.

中文翻译：

---

用于28.3 THz的IR能量收集的Vivaldi偶极子纳米整流天线

研究了用于红外（IR）能量收集的Vivaldi偶极子整流天线系统。首先，对维瓦尔第偶极天线进行了参数研究，以收集维瓦尔第极之间的最大电场。对天线臂进行了优化，以实现高效的整流天线系统。天线的两个臂由两种不同的金属形成，即金和钛。这两种金属具有不同的功函数，通过零偏置隧穿来促进二极管工作。维瓦尔第偶极子的两个臂重叠，并在重叠区域中注入合适的绝缘层，以形成金属-绝缘体-金属（MIM）二极管。如果两种金属具有不同的功函数，则MIM二极管是该操作的理想选择，因为它可以在没有任何偏置的情况下工作。对于整流天线操作，至关重要的是，整流二极管应在没有任何外部偏置的情况下工作。铝₂ O ₃是MIM二极管的绝缘层。我们选择Al ₂ O ₃是因为它在太赫兹频率范围内具有较低的介电常数，这使我们能够匹配工作截止频率，即28.3 THz。对Al ₂ O ₃绝缘体层进行了参数研究，以提高捕获的接收强度。最后，纳米天线在[26…30 THz]频段工作，可以高效地从环境中收集IR能量，并展示其捕获入射波并在其缝隙内获得高强度值的能力。这一发展最终将促进发电。