Nanostructured colloidal self-assembly (NCS) is one of the most promising drug delivery carriers in cancer treatment. The present research work aimed towards synthesizing meloxicam (MLX) loaded NCS for its improved circulation half-life and increased cellular internalization. NCS was formulated using glyceryl monoolein, Pluronic® F127, and MLX. Quality by Design experiments with a quadratic model was subjected to optimization of the formulation. The optimized NCS with an average particle size of 185.5 ± 3.02 nm showed higher MLX encapsulation (94.74 ± 3.41%) and sustained release behavior of MLX up to 24 hr. in vitro cytotoxicity of the developed NCS with MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines confirmed lower cell viability and a higher rate of cell growth inhibition. This MLX loaded NCS showed dual activity as an antitumor and anti-inflammatory in highly invasive estrogen-dependent MDA-MB-231 cells due to the high expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Besides, an activity of the MLX-NCS was also observed in 3D printed MCF-7 cells. This investigation shows the possible use of MLX-NCS as an efficient cancer drug delivery system with excellent colloidal stability, sustained release of MLX, enhanced antitumor and anti-inflammatory efficacy in 3D printed scaffolds. In contrast to toxicity study in 2D culture, the 3D constructs revealed the activity of the MLX via COX-2 independent mechanism and demonstrated that the relationship between COX-2 expression and antitumor activity of inhibitors is limited. In conclusion, the overall observations and results of this study strengthen the hypothesized development of NCS as a next-generation therapeutics regimen for cancer therapy.

中文翻译：

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美洛昔康封装的纳米结构胶体自组装用于评估 3D 打印支架中的抗肿瘤和抗炎功效

纳米结构胶体自组装（NCS）是癌症治疗中最有前途的药物递送载体之一。目前的研究工作旨在合成装载美洛昔康 (MLX) 的 NCS，以改善循环半衰期和增加细胞内化。NCS 使用甘油单油精、Pluronic® F127 和 MLX 配制而成。对二次模型的质量源于设计的实验进行了配方优化。平均粒径为 185.5 ± 3.02 nm 的优化 NCS 显示出更高的 MLX 包封率 (94.74 ± 3.41%) 和长达 24 小时的 MLX 缓释行为。已开发的 NCS 与 MCF-7 和 MDA-MB-231 细胞系的体外细胞毒性证实了较低的细胞活力和较高的细胞生长抑制率。由于环氧合酶-2 (COX-2) 的高表达，这种负载 MLX 的 NCS 在高侵袭性雌激素依赖性 MDA-MB-231 细胞中显示出作为抗肿瘤和抗炎的双重活性。此外，在 3D 打印的 MCF-7 细胞中也观察到了 MLX-NCS 的活性。该研究表明，MLX-NCS 可能用作一种有效的癌症药物递送系统，具有出色的胶体稳定性、MLX 的持续释放、增强的抗肿瘤和抗炎功效在 3D 打印支架中。与 2D 培养中的毒性研究相反，3D 构建体通过 COX-2 独立机制揭示了 MLX 的活性，并证明 COX-2 表达与抑制剂的抗肿瘤活性之间的关系是有限的。综上所述，