Anthelmintic resistance is a significant threat to livestock production systems worldwide and is emerging as an important issue in companion animal parasite management. It is also an emerging concern for the control of human soil-transmitted helminths and filaria. An important aspect of managing anthelmintic resistance is the ability to utilise diagnostic tests to detect its emergence at an early stage. In host-parasite systems where resistance is already widespread, diagnostics have a potentially important role in determining those drugs that remain the most effective. The development of molecular diagnostics for anthelmintic resistance is one focus of the Consortium for Anthelmintic Resistance and Susceptibility (CARS) group. The present paper reflects discussions of this issue that occurred at the most recent meeting of the group in Wisconsin, USA, in July 2019. We compare molecular resistance diagnostics with in vivo and in vitro phenotypic methods, and highlight the advantages and disadvantages of each. We assess whether our knowledge on the identity of molecular markers for resistance towards the different drug classes is sufficient to provide some expectation that molecular tests for field use may be available in the short-to-medium term. We describe some practical aspects of such tests and how our current capabilities compare to the requirements of an ‘ideal’ test. Finally, we describe examples of drug class/parasite species interactions that provide the best opportunity for commercial use of molecular tests in the near future. We argue that while such prototype tests may not satisfy the requirements of an ‘ideal’ test, their potential to provide significant advances over currently-used phenotypic methods warrants their development as field diagnostics.

驱虫药耐药性是对全球畜牧业生产系统的重大威胁，并且正在成为伴侣动物寄生虫管理中的一个重要问题。这也是对控制人类土壤传播的蠕虫和丝虫的新关注。管理驱虫药耐药性的一个重要方面是能够利用诊断测试在早期检测其出现。在耐药性已经普遍存在的宿主-寄生虫系统中，诊断在确定那些仍然最有效的药物方面具有潜在的重要作用。驱虫药耐药性分子诊断学的发展是驱虫药耐药性和易感性联合会 (CARS) 小组关注的焦点之一。本文件反映了该小组最近在威斯康星州举行的会议上对这一问题的讨论，体内和体外表型方法，并突出每种方法的优点和缺点。我们评估我们对不同药物类别耐药性分子标记的识别知识是否足以提供一些预期，即在中短期内可以进行现场使用的分子测试。我们描述了此类测试的一些实际方面，以及我们当前的能力与“理想”测试的要求相比如何。最后，我们描述了药物类别/寄生虫物种相互作用的示例，这些示例为在不久的将来分子测试的商业用途提供了最佳机会。我们认为，虽然此类原型测试可能无法满足“理想”测试的要求，但它们比当前使用的表型方法具有显着进步的潜力保证了它们作为现场诊断的发展。