Background

Traditional safety concept, which is called Safety-I, and its relevant methods and models have much contributed toward enhancing the safety of industrial systems. However, they have proved insufficient to be applied to complex socio-technical systems. As an alternative, Safety-II and resilience engineering have emerged and gained much attention for the last two decades. However, it seems that safety professionals have still difficulty understanding their fundamental concepts and methods. Accordingly, it is necessary to offer an introductory guide to them that helps safety professionals grasp them correctly in consideration of their current practices.

Methods

This article firstly explains the limitations of Safety-I and how Safety-II can resolve them from the four points of view. Next, the core concepts of resilience engineering and Functional Resonance Analysis Method are described.

Results

Workers' performance adjustment and performance variability due to it should be the basis for understanding human-related accidents in socio-technical systems. It should be acknowledged that successful and failed work performance have the same causes. However, they are not well considered in the traditional safety concept; in contrast, Safety-II and resilience engineering have conceptual bases and practical approaches to reflect them systematically.

Conclusion

It is necessary to move from a find-and-fix and reactive approach to a proactive approach to safety management. Safety-II and resilience engineering give a set of useful concepts and methods for proactive safety management. However, if necessary, Safety-I methods need to be properly used for situations where they can still be useful as well.

中文翻译：

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简而言之，安全 II 和弹性工程：概念和方法的介绍性指南

背景

传统的安全概念，即Safety-I，及其相关方法和模型对提高工业系统的安全性做出了很大贡献。然而，事实证明它们不足以应用于复杂的社会技术系统。作为替代方案，Safety-II 和弹性工程已经出现并在过去二十年中受到了广泛关注。然而，安全专业人员似乎仍然难以理解他们的基本概念和方法。因此，有必要为他们提供一个介绍性指南，帮助安全专业人员在考虑到他们当前的实践的情况下正确掌握他们。

方法

本文首先从四个角度解释了 Safety-I 的局限性以及 Safety-II 如何解决它们。接下来，描述弹性工程和功能共振分析方法的核心概念。

结果

工人的绩效调整和由此带来的绩效变化应该是理解社会技术系统中与人为相关的事故的基础。应该承认，成功和失败的工作绩效有相同的原因。但是，在传统的安全概念中，它们并没有得到很好的考虑；相比之下，Safety-II 和弹性工程具有系统地反映它们的概念基础和实用方法。

结论

有必要从发现和修复和被动的方法转变为主动的安全管理方法。Safety-II 和弹性工程为主动安全管理提供了一套有用的概念和方法。但是，如有必要，需要将 Safety-I 方法正确用于它们仍然有用的情况。