Abstract Nanomaterials exhibit excellent properties, allowing them to act as fuel additives to improve diesel engine characteristics. This review highlights the unique potentials of nanomaterials and their activities in diesel engines to achieve lower harmful diesel emissions and better engine performance. The effects of nanomaterial-enriched fuels on engine characteristics and engine subsystems as well as associated opportunities, identified from laboratory test results obtained in recent years, are discussed. On the basis of two criteria, the best nanomaterial-base fuel pairs are identified from the set of the most frequently tested nanomaterials engaged as fuel additives in diesel engines. This is followed by a review of technical challenges that will need to be addressed and resolved to assure practical viability of nanomaterials acting as fuel additives. Finally, the environmental and human health risks, exposed by investigations in recent years, are reviewed. Wherever possible, potential solutions to outstanding problems are addressed and discussed briefly.

中文翻译：

---

纳米材料作为柴油发动机燃料添加剂：现状、机遇和挑战回顾

摘要 纳米材料表现出优异的性能，使其可以作为燃料添加剂来改善柴油发动机的特性。这篇综述强调了纳米材料的独特潜力及其在柴油发动机中的活性，以实现更低的有害柴油排放和更好的发动机性能。讨论了从近年来获得的实验室测试结果中确定的富含纳米材料的燃料对发动机特性和发动机子系统以及相关机会的影响。在两个标准的基础上，最好的纳米材料-基础燃料对是从一组最常测试的纳米材料中确定的，这些纳米材料用作柴油发动机的燃料添加剂。随后是对需要解决和解决的技术挑战的审查，以确保纳米材料作为燃料添加剂的实际可行性。最后，回顾了近年来调查所暴露的环境和人类健康风险。在可能的情况下，对突出问题的潜在解决方案进行了简要介绍和讨论。