Developing a monitoring system and a conservation strategy against the negative impact of global change on threatened plant species, is nowadays the challenge for conservation experts. The Plant Micro-Reserve (PMR) approach became a highly effective approach in protecting plant species, since mild active management of vegetation plots and protection of plant populations takes place. The PMR has greatly evolved since its initial concept of managing a large network of PMRs, to having fewer protected areas subject to intensive scientific monitoring (e.g. Intensive Monitoring PMR; IM-PMR). This study further improved the IM-PMR approach by focusing on the threatened plant species of Ophrys kotschyi in Cyprus. The proposed IM-PMR enhances the available knowledge on the biology, physiology and ecology of the targeted plant species, through implementing an intensive monitoring system and assessing its genetic diversity. Within the framework of IM-PMR, the population size of O. kotschyi recorded statistically significant differentiation during the monitoring period, most likely due to the vegetative dormancy of the species. The subpopulation size and dormancy in O. kotschyi was correlated with precipitation and air temperature for specific months. In addition, the different local climatic conditions and the species dormancy between years seem to influence the flowers production among individuals, in the four monitoring years. Nevertheless, the low natural fecundity compared to the artificially pollinated plants and the absent correlation with any of the climatic parameters, might be closely related to the lack of pollinators at this site. The genetic diversity (H_T = 0.456) is higher compared to other endemic and short-lived perennial species, while the genetic differentiation among the subpopulations of O. kotschyi showed significant substructure (F_ST^FIS=0.5 = 0.097*). The subpopulation within IM-PMR showed relatively lower genetic diversity among the largest subpopulations of O. kotschyi, and the highest percentage of linked loci. Such observations support the non-random association of different loci in this subpopulation, and the ineffective pollen flow within this single subpopulation. The improvement of the original PMR approach in the current IM-PMR proposal denotes that different ecological aspects are taken into account towards gaining a holistic knowledge on a target species. The IM-PMR approach as implemented for O. kotschyi, could lead to the development of an integrated conservation approach for rare, threatened, or endangered species.

如今，开发保护系统以应对全球变化对受威胁植物物种的不利影响的保护战略已成为保护专家的一项挑战。植物微储备（PMR）方法已成为保护植物物种的高效方法，因为对植被地块进行了适度的积极管理并保护了植物种群。自其最初的管理大型PMR网络的概念以来，PMR已有了很大的发展，现已减少了受密集科学监视（例如密集监视PMR； IM-PMR）的保护区。这项研究通过将重点放在Ophrys kotschyi的受威胁植物物种上，进一步改进了IM-PMR方法在塞浦路斯。拟议的IM-PMR通过实施密集的监测系统并评估其遗传多样性，增强了目标植物的生物学，生理学和生态学方面的知识。在IM-PMR的框架内，人口规模O. kotschyi在监测期间记录的统计显著分化，很可能是由于该物种的植物休眠。O. kotschyi的亚群大小和休眠与特定月份的降水和气温相关。此外，在四个监测年中，不同的当地气候条件和年份之间的物种休眠似乎会影响个体之间的花卉生产。然而，与人工授粉的植物相比，自然繁殖力低，并且与任何气候参数缺乏相关性，这可能与该地点缺少授粉媒介密切相关。遗传多样性（H _T  = 0.456）高于其他地方性和短命多年生物种，而科氏曲霉亚群之间的遗传分化显示出显着的亚结构（F _ST ^{FIS = 0.5} = 0.097 *）。IM-PMR中的亚群显示了O.kotschyi的最大亚群中相对较低的遗传多样性，并且连锁位点的百分比最高。这些观察结果支持该亚群中不同基因座的非随机关联，以及该单个亚群中无效的花粉流动。当前IM-PMR提案中原始PMR方法的改进表明，在获取目标物种的整体知识时，已考虑到不同的生态方面。针对科氏曲霉（O. kotschyi）实施的IM-PMR方法可能会导致针对稀有，受威胁或濒危物种的综合保护方法的发展。