Plant extraction has existed for a long time and is still of interest. Due to technological improvements, it is now possible to obtain extracts with higher yields. While global yield is a major parameter because it assesses the extraction performance, it can be of interest to focus on the extraction of particular compounds (specific metabolites) to enrich the sample and to avoid the extraction of unwanted ones, for instance the primary metabolites (carbohydrates, triacylglycerols). The objective then is to improve extraction selectivity is then considered.

In solid-liquid extraction, which is often called maceration, the solvent has a major impact on selectivity. Its polarity has a direct influence on the solutes extracted, related to the chemical structure of the compounds, and modelling compound/solvent interactions by using various polarity or interaction scales is a great challenge to favor the choice of the appropriate extracting liquid.

Technical advances have allowed the development of recent, and sometimes green, extraction techniques, such as Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE), Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE), Pressurized Liquid Extraction (PLE) and Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE). This review focuses on the specificity of these recent techniques and the influence of their physical parameters (i.e. pressure, intensity, etc.). In addition to the solvent selection, which is of prime interest, the physical parameters applied by the different techniques influence the extraction results in different ways. Besides, SFE is a versatile and green technique suitable to achieve selectivity for some compounds. Due to its properties, SC-CO₂ allows tailoring conditions to improve the selectivity.

植物提取已经存在了很长时间，并且仍然很有趣。由于技术的进步，现在有可能获得更高产量的提取物。尽管全球产量是评估提取性能的主要参数，但关注特定化合物（特定代谢物）的提取以富集样品并避免提取不需要的化合物（例如主要代谢物（碳水化合物，三酰基甘油）。然后的目的是提高萃取选择性。

在通常称为浸渍的固液萃取中，溶剂对选择性有重大影响。它的极性直接影响所提取的溶质，与化合物的化学结构有关，而通过使用各种极性或相互作用规模来模拟化合物/溶剂的相互作用，对于选择合适的萃取液是一个巨大的挑战。

技术的进步使得最近（有时是绿色）的萃取技术得以发展，例如微波辅助萃取（MAE），超声辅助萃取（UAE），加压液体萃取（PLE）和超临界流体萃取（SFE）。这篇综述着重于这些最新技术的特殊性及其物理参数（即压力，强度等）的影响。除了最重要的溶剂选择外，不同技术所应用的物理参数还会以不同方式影响萃取结果。此外，SFE是一种通用的绿色技术，适用于实现某些化合物的选择性。由于其特性，SC-CO ₂允许定制条件以提高选择性。