Abstract Indonesia is very much dependent on fossil fuel for its energy source, but has recently been promoting renewable energy resources capable of simultaneously balancing economic and social development with environmental protection. Biodiesel is one of the renewable energies that currently been promoted frequently uses edible oil as its feedstocks. One of the promising non-edible oil crop is crude Calophyllum inophyllum oil (CCIO). It has a high oil content, composed of mostly triglycerides (TG) that resulted in a higher yield of biodiesel. Previous researches were limited to its conversion into biodiesel with desired quality and economical. In this work, the time of extraction and fatty acid composition were investigated. Batchwise solvent extraction (BSE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), and MAE–BSE combination were applied to achieve purified CCIO in a shorter amount of time. For BSE, MAE and MAE–BSE combination, it was found free fatty acids (FFA) content was decreased from 15.07 ± 0.141 to 1.045 ± 0.215%, 6.91% ± 0.04%, and 1.10 ± 0.141%, respectively. Moreover, TG content was increased significantly from 67.25 ± 0.372 % to 94.95 ± 0.005%, 84.45% ± 0.37%, and 96.062% ± 0.035%, respectively. The majority of fatty acid composition for the MAE and combination method is linoleic acid with 46.36% and 45.43%, respectively. While the BSE method’s majority fatty acid composition is oleic acid with 32.90%. All results were converted as biodiesel using the transesterification method. The quality of biodiesel was graded using density, acid value, and cetane number as the parameters. The various result of biodiesel was evaluated by the American society for testing materials (ASTM D6751-2), the European Union (EN 14214-03) and SNI 7182:2015 standard procedures. Based on all three parameters, the biodiesel resulting from the BSE purification methods fit all parameters according to the existing standard.

中文翻译：

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使用微波辅助萃取 (MAE)、分批溶剂萃取 (BSE) 和 MAE-BSE 方法的组合，高油酸和亚油酸脂肪酸组成对从粗海藻油 (CCIO) 中提取生物柴油的质量和经济性的影响

摘要 印度尼西亚的能源非常依赖化石燃料，但最近一直在推广能够同时平衡经济和社会发展与环境保护的可再生能源。生物柴油是目前推广的可再生能源之一，经常使用食用油作为原料。一种有前途的非食用油料作物是粗品 Calophyllum inophyllum oil (CCIO)。它具有高含油量，主要由甘油三酯 (TG) 组成，可提高生物柴油的产量。以前的研究仅限于将其转化为具有所需质量和经济性的生物柴油。在这项工作中，研究了提取时间和脂肪酸组成。分批溶剂萃取 (BSE)、微波辅助萃取 (MAE)、和 MAE-BSE 组合用于在更短的时间内实现纯化的 CCIO。对于 BSE、MAE 和 MAE-BSE 组合，发现游离脂肪酸 (FFA) 含量分别从 15.07 ± 0.141 降至 1.045 ± 0.215%、6.91% ± 0.04% 和 1.10 ± 0.141%。此外，TG 含量分别从 67.25±0.372% 显着增加到 94.95±0.005%、84.45%±0.37% 和 96.062%±0.035%。MAE和组合方法的大部分脂肪酸组成是亚油酸，分别为46.36%和45.43%。而 BSE 方法的主要脂肪酸组成是油酸，占 32.90%。使用酯交换法将所有结果转化为生物柴油。生物柴油的质量以密度、酸值和十六烷值为参数进行分级。生物柴油的各项结果由美国材料测试协会（ASTM D6751-2）、欧盟（EN 14214-03）和SNI​​ 7182:2015标准程序评估。根据所有三个参数，BSE 纯化方法产生的生物柴油符合现有标准的所有参数。