As cognitive impairments continue to rise in prevalence, there is an urgent need to understand the mechanisms of learning and memory in normal and disordered states. C-C chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) has been implicated in the regulation of multiple forms of learning and memory via its regulation on learning-related cell signaling and neuronal plasticity. As a chemokine receptor and a co-receptor for HIV, CCR5's role in immune response and HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) has been widely studied. In contrast, CCR5 is less understood in cognitive deficits associated with other disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), stroke and certain psychiatric disorders. A broad overview of the present literature shows that CCR5 acts as a potent suppressor of synaptic plasticity and learning and memory, although a few studies have reported the opposite effect of CCR5 in stroke or AD animal models. By summarizing the current literature of CCR5 in animal and human studies of cognition, this review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the role of CCR5 in learning and memory in both normal and disordered states and to discuss the possibility of CCR5 suppression as an effective therapeutic to alleviate cognitive deficits in HAND, AD, and stroke.

中文翻译：

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深入了解 CCR5 在正常和无序状态下的学习和记忆中的作用

随着认知障碍的患病率持续上升，迫切需要了解正常和无序状态下的学习和记忆机制。CC 趋化因子受体 5 (CCR5) 通过其对学习相关细胞信号传导和神经元可塑性的调节与多种形式的学习和记忆的调节有关。作为一种趋化因子受体和 HIV 的辅助受体，CCR5 在免疫反应和 HIV 相关神经认知障碍 (HAND) 中的作用已被广泛研究。相比之下，CCR5 在与其他疾病相关的认知缺陷中的了解较少，包括阿尔茨海默病 (AD)、中风和某些精神疾病。对现有文献的广泛概述表明，CCR5 是突触可塑性和学习记忆的有效抑制因子，尽管一些研究报告了 CCR5 在中风或 AD 动物模型中的相反作用。通过总结 CCR5 在动物和人类认知研究中的现有文献，本综述旨在全面概述 CCR5 在正常和紊乱状态下在学习和记忆中的作用，并讨论 CCR5 抑制作为一种有效治疗方法的可能性以减轻 HAND、AD 和中风的认知缺陷。