Using nanoadditives in lubricants is one of the most effective ways to control friction and wear, which is of great significance for energy conservation, emission reduction, and environmental protection. With the scientific and technological development, great advances have been made in nanolubricant additives in the scientific research and industrial applications. This review summarizes the categories of nanolubricant additives and illustrates the tribological properties of these additives. Based on the component elements of nanomaterials, nanolubricant additives can be divided into three types: nanometal-based, nanocarbon-based, and nanocomposite-based additives. The dispersion stabilities of additives in lubricants are also discussed in the review systematically. Various affecting factors and effective dispersion methods have been investigated in detail. Moreover, the review summarizes the lubrication mechanisms of nanolubricant additives including tribofilm formation, micro-bearing effect, self-repair performance, and synergistic effect. In addition, the challenges and prospects of nanolubricant additives are proposed, which guides the design and synthesis of novel additives with significant lubrication and antiwear properties in the future.

在润滑剂中使用纳米添加剂是控制摩擦和磨损的最有效方法之一，这对节能，减排和环境保护具有重要意义。随着科学技术的发展，纳米润滑添加剂在科学研究和工业应用中取得了很大的进步。这篇综述总结了纳米润滑剂添加剂的种类，并说明了这些添加剂的摩擦学性能。基于纳米材料的组成元素，纳米润滑剂添加剂可分为三种类型：基于纳米金属的添加剂，基于纳米碳的添加剂和基于纳米复合材料的添加剂。综述中还系统地讨论了添加剂在润滑剂中的分散稳定性。已经详细研究了各种影响因素和有效的分散方法。此外，综述总结了纳米润滑剂添加剂的润滑机理，包括摩擦膜的形成，微轴承作用，自我修复性能和协同作用。此外，提出了纳米润滑剂添加剂的挑战和前景，指导了未来具有显着润滑和抗磨性能的新型添加剂的设计和合成。