The self-assembling is a spontaneous progression through which objects of nanophase/molecules materialize into prepared collections. Several biomolecules can interact and assemble into highly structured supramolecular structures, for instance, proteins and peptides, with fibrous scaffolds, helical ribbons, and many other functionalities. Various self-assembly systems have been established, from copolymers in blocks to three-dimensional (3D) cell culture scaffolds. Another advantage of self-assembly is its ability to manage a large variety of materials, including metals, oxides, inorganic salts, polymers, semiconductors, and various organic semiconductors. The most basic self-assembly of 3D nanomaterials is three primary forms of nanostructured carbon-based materials that perform a critical role in the progress of modern nanotechnologies, such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene, and fullerene. This review summarized important information on the 3D self-assembly nanostructure, such as peptide hydrogel, graphene, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and fullerene for application in gene delivery, cancer therapy, and tissue engineering.

中文翻译：

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用于组织工程，癌症治疗和基因传递的3D纳米结构

自组装是自发进行的，纳米相/分子的对象通过该过程实现为准备好的集合。几种生物分子可以相互作用并组装成高度结构化的超分子结构，例如蛋白质和肽，以及纤维状支架，螺旋带和许多其他功能。已经建立了各种自组装系统，从嵌段共聚物到三维（3D）细胞培养支架。自组装的另一个优点是能够处理多种材料，包括金属，氧化物，无机盐，聚合物，半导体和各种有机半导体。3D纳米材料最基本的自组装是纳米结构碳基材料的三种主要形式，它们在现代纳米技术的发展中起着至关重要的作用，例如碳纳米管（CNT），石墨烯和富勒烯。这篇综述总结了有关3D自组装纳米结构的重要信息，例如肽水凝胶，石墨烯，碳纳米管（CNT）和富勒烯，它们可用于基因传递，癌症治疗和组织工程。