This study is focused on the assessment of risks caused by pesticide residues to Romanian and other European populations, by modelling the acute and chronic risks considering short- and long-term exposures to pesticide residues in specific fruits and vegetables from different Romanian regions. Data were obtained from the Romanian 2016 official monitoring programme. For assessing the dietary risk, we used the Pesticide Residue Intake model—PRIMo. According to the official data, it was found that 50.44% of fruit samples and 28.25% of vegetable samples were contaminated with pesticides. Our study focused on acute risks and chronic risks (in a maximalist worst-case scenario) posed by pesticide residues in strawberries, apples, lettuce and potatoes, given both their high degree of consumption and contamination with pesticides. The short-term exposure assessment of children’s health due to consumption of apples, lettuce and potatoes contaminated with dimethoate, chlorothalonil and carbendazim, revealed exposure levels higher than the acute reference dose (ARfD, as 100%), raising acute risks. On the other hand, the long-term exposure assessment showed that the highest percentage from the acceptable daily intake (ADI, as 100%) was obtained for German children (DE child) (273.9%), followed by Netherlands children (NL child) (143.7%) diets, based on consumption of apples with dimethoate residues. Therefore, serious measures are needed for banning pesticides such as dimethoate, chlorothalonil and carbendazim from all countries in the EU. This would reduce the health risks generated by the consumption of contaminated fruits and vegetables.

中文翻译：

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与从罗马尼亚水果和蔬菜中摄入农药相关的健康风险模型

本研究的重点是评估农药残留对罗马尼亚和其他欧洲人口造成的风险，通过模拟短期和长期暴露于来自罗马尼亚不同地区的特定水果和蔬菜中的农药残留的急性和慢性风险。数据来自罗马尼亚 2016 年官方监测计划。为了评估饮食风险，我们使用了农药残留摄入量模型——PRIMo。官方数据显示，50.44%的水果样品和28.25%的蔬菜样品被农药污染。我们的研究侧重于草莓、苹果、生菜和马铃薯中农药残留带来的急性风险和慢性风险（在最大的最坏情况下），因为它们的消费量和农药污染程度都很高。由于食用被乐果、百菌清和多菌灵污染的苹果、生菜和土豆对儿童健康的短期暴露评估显示，暴露水平高于急性参考剂量（ARfD，为 100%），增加了急性风险。另一方面，长期暴露评估显示，从可接受的每日摄入量（ADI，为 100%）获得的百分比最高的是德国儿童（DE 儿童）（273.9%），其次是荷兰儿童（NL 儿童） (143.7%) 饮食，基于食用含有乐果残留物的苹果。因此，欧盟所有国家都需要采取严厉措施禁止乐果、百菌清和多菌灵等农药。这将减少因食用受污染的水果和蔬菜而产生的健康风险。