Cities face unprecedented demographic, environmental, economic, social, and spatial challenges. In recent years, the implementation of nature-based solutions (NBS) is becoming more relevant in cities to improve urban resilience and to cope with climate change. NBS represent cost effective solutions that simultaneously provide environmental, social, and economic benefits and help build resilience. A comprehensive and multi-dimension Resilience Assessment Framework (RAF) to evaluate the NBS contribution to urban resilience, focused on NBS for stormwater management and control, was developed. This RAF is aligned with the RESCCUE RAF and the main assessment frameworks focused on NBS and urban resilience. This RAF for NBS is driven by the definition of resilience objectives and is able to evaluate short- and long-term changes, considering a comprehensive definition of the urban resilience and addressing the environmental, social, and economic capabilities. Regarding the initial resilience maturity and the available information in the city, three analysis degrees were proposed for the RAF application, namely, the essential , complementary , and comprehensive degrees, for which a pre-defined selection of metrics is proposed. This paper aims to present the application of the RAF essential analysis degree and its extensive validation regarding cities with different resilience maturity and available information. The application to seven cities with different resilience and NBS challenges allowed an in-depth validation of the pre-defined metrics included in the RAF essential analysis. In this sense, the analysis of the resilience maturity of the participating cities is presented, the main challenges and consolidated aspects in the cities are identified, and the cities ready to apply the complementary analysis degree are recognized. To conclude, to validate the essential analysis degree, the assessment of the main requirements of the RAF for NBS are verified, based on the RAF metrics results for the cities. In this light, the main requirements of the RAF for NBS were aggregated in three main categories, namely, NBS aspects, resilience capabilities, and the performance, risk and cost analysis.

中文翻译：

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基于自然的雨水管理和控制解决方案的复原力评估框架：在具有不同复原力成熟度的城市中的应用

城市面临着前所未有的人口、环境、经济、社会和空间挑战。近年来，基于自然的解决方案 (NBS) 的实施在城市中变得越来越重要，以提高城市弹性和应对气候变化。NBS 代表具有成本效益的解决方案，可同时提供环境、社会和经济效益，并有助于建立复原力。开发了一个全面的、多维度的韧性评估框架 (RAF)，以评估 NBS 对城市韧性的贡献，重点是 NBS 对雨水管理和控制。该 RAF 与 RESCCUE RAF 以及侧重于 NBS 和城市复原力的主要评估框架保持一致。NBS 的 RAF 由弹性目标的定义驱动，能够评估短期和长期变化，考虑对城市复原力的综合定义并解决环境、社会和经济能力问题。针对城市的初始弹性成熟度和可用信息，提出了 RAF 应用的三个分析度，即基本度、补充度和综合度，并提出了预定义的度量选择。本文旨在介绍 RAF 基本分析度的应用及其对具有不同弹性成熟度和可用信息的城市的广泛验证。对具有不同弹性和 NBS 挑战的七个城市的应用允许对 RAF 基本分析中包含的预定义指标进行深入验证。在这个意义上，介绍了参与城市的韧性成熟度分析，确定了城市的主要挑战和综合方面，并认可了准备应用补充分析度的城市。总而言之，为了验证基本分析程度，基于城市的 RAF 指标结果，验证了 RAF 对 NBS 主要要求的评估。有鉴于此，RAF 对 NBS 的主要要求汇总为三个主要类别，即 NBS 方面、弹性能力以及性能、风险和成本分析。根据城市的 RAF 指标结果，验证 RAF 对 NBS 的主要要求的评估。有鉴于此，RAF 对 NBS 的主要要求汇总为三个主要类别，即 NBS 方面、弹性能力以及性能、风险和成本分析。根据城市的 RAF 指标结果，验证 RAF 对 NBS 的主要要求的评估。有鉴于此，RAF 对 NBS 的主要要求汇总为三个主要类别，即 NBS 方面、弹性能力以及性能、风险和成本分析。