In this work, the membrane formation of the polyacrylonitrile (PAN) was investigated in the presence of different solvents named N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (NMP) and dimethylformamide (DMF). In this way, two ternary systems water/NMP/PAN and water/DMF/PAN were studied and compared both experimentally and thermodynamically. According to the binodal data, changing the solvent from NMP to DMF could expand the two‐phase region, which was proved by Hansen solubility parameters. The binodal data were predicted and the results showed that the Flory‐Huggins results are in good agreement with experimental data with less than 2% deviation, which is important to have a rational design of porous membrane and appropriate prediction of its morphology. Furthermore, the effects of TiO₂ and SiO₂ nanoparticles were investigated on dope solution viscosity, thickness, porosity and contact angle of the membranes in both solvents. The results showed that the pattern of changes in characteristics was similar using each nanoparticle. Lower concentrations of nanoparticles enhance the porosity of the membranes and above the optimum amount, adding the NPs leads to decrement the porosity of the nanocomposite membranes. Finally, the fluxes of the manufactured membranes in both cases were examined using distilled water or oil‐in‐water emulsion as feed. The initial permeate flux of oil‐in‐water emulsion was increased from 62 to 73 L m⁻² hr⁻¹ using the membrane fabricated by DMF instead of NMP and this fact showed that the PAN membranes potentially can be used for oil/water separation due to the low fouling and hence, the low flux drop during the time.

中文翻译：

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通过SiO2和TiO2纳米颗粒处理聚丙烯腈膜的孔隙率：热力学和实验观点

在这项工作中，在存在不同溶剂的情况下研究了聚丙烯腈（PAN）膜的形成，分别称为N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮（NMP）和二甲基甲酰胺（DMF）。通过这种方式，对水/ NMP / PAN和水/ DMF / PAN两个三元体系进行了研究，并在实验和热力学上进行了比较。根据二项式数据，将溶剂从NMP更改为DMF可以扩展两相区域，这由Hansen溶解度参数证明。预测了二项式数据，结果表明Flory-Huggins结果与实验数据吻合良好，偏差小于2％，这对于合理设计多孔膜和适当预测其形态非常重要。此外，TiO ₂和SiO的影响_{研究了两种}纳米颗粒在两种溶剂中的浓液溶液粘度，厚度，孔隙率和膜的接触角。结果表明，每个纳米颗粒的特征变化模式相似。较低浓度的纳米颗粒可增强膜的孔隙率，而在最佳量以上则可增加NP，从而降低纳米复合膜的孔隙率。最后，使用蒸馏水或水包油型乳剂作为进料，检查两种情况下制得的膜的通量。水包油乳液的初始渗透通量从62 L升至73 L m ^-2 hr ^-1 使用DMF制成的膜代替NMP，这一事实表明PAN膜由于结垢少，因此在这段时间内的通量下降小，因此有潜力用于油/水分离。