1 INTRODUCTION

The efficient and cost‐effective realization and implementation of hydrogen and fuel cell technologies in the existing energy and transport systems require appropriate laws (regulations), standards and processes (“Regulations, Codes and Standards”—RCS). Almost all relevant regulations that are applicable to hydrogen and fuel cells in Germany today are based on, or must be adapted in, European legislation (directives or regulations). Likewise, the essential part of the standards used today is, or will be, harmonized with international (ISO, IEC) or European (EN) standards. New standards are essentially developed only within the framework of ISO, IEC or CEN, CENELEC. For example, in 2017, approximately 75% of the new standards relevant for Europe were international and only 20% European standards.

Hydrogen (H₂) and Fuel Cell (FC) technologies are developed worldwide, especially in Asia, Europe and North America. This influence is also reflected in important regulations and standards for hydrogen (H₂ RCS). Due to the path of regulatory development via the New Legislative Framework adopted by the European Commission, the relevant actors have to anticipate, synchronize and harmonize the development of standards and regulations. Hence, an increased representation of German experts is required in all relevant international standardization committees. Consequently—in order to ensure the representation of Germany's interests in the future—a more active participation in committee work is required, particularly within the EU, UNECE, ISO, IEC, CEN and CENELEC.

The development of standards and regulations and, in particular, the coordination between the two is complex and requires a concerted approach and substantial efforts. For this reason, the development of a roadmap strategy paper [1] was commissioned by NOW GmbH and hence prepared by LBST GmbH, in order to identify potentials and obstacles in a hydrogen RCS context. Furthermore, expedient measures and instruments have been identified, which could be implemented within a certain timeline to foster the involvement of German players in the establishment of a beneficial regulatory framework for hydrogen and FC technologies. The progress of this implementation must be regularly reviewed and, where appropriate, be adapted to changing requirements.

As the topics with the biggest needs for action have been identified in the following ones:

• The revision and further development of the Alternative Fuels Infrastructure Directive (AFID) (2014/94/EU), the Global Technical Regulation on Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Vehicles (GTR 13) and the European Agreement concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR).
• The development of hydrogen and fuel cell standards within the framework of the relevant international bodies of ISO (eg, technical committees [TC] 197, 158, 58, 22), IEC (eg, TC 105 and 31) and the European technical committees of CEN / CENELEC (eg, TC 268 and Joint TC 6).
• An enhanced involvement of German and European players from industry, research and governmental institutions in these regulatory and standardization activities

中文翻译：

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德国氢法规，规范和标准路线图

1引言

在现有能源和运输系统中高效，经济高效地实现和实施氢和燃料电池技术需要适当的法律（法规），标准和流程（“法规，法规和标准” —RCS）。今天，几乎所有适用于德国的氢和燃料电池的相关法规都基于或必须根据欧洲法规（指令或法规）进行修改。同样，当今使用的标准的必要部分已经或将要与国际（ISO，IEC）或欧洲（EN）标准保持一致。新标准实质上仅在ISO，IEC或CEN，CENELEC的框架内开发。例如，在2017年，大约75％的与欧洲相关的新标准是国际标准，而只有20％的欧洲标准。

氢（H 2）和燃料电池（FC）技术在世界范围内得到了发展，特别是在亚洲，欧洲和北美。这种影响也反映在重要的氢法规和标准（H 2 RCS）中。由于通过欧盟委员会通过的新立法框架进行法规制定的途径，相关参与者必须预见，同步和协调标准和法规的制定。因此，需要在所有相关的国际标准化委员会中增加德国专家的席位。因此，为了确保将来代表德国利益，需要更加积极地参与委员会的工作，尤其是在欧盟，欧洲经委会，ISO，IEC，CEN和CENELEC内部。

标准和法规的发展，特别是两者之间的协调，是复杂的，需要协调一致的方法和大量的努力。因此，NOW GmbH委托并因此由LBST GmbH编写了路线图战略文件[ 1 ]，以便确定氢气RCS环境中的潜力和障碍。此外，已经确定了权宜之计的措施和手段，可以在一定时限内实施这些措施和手段，以促进德国企业参与为氢和碳氢化合物技术建立有益的监管框架。必须定期检查该实施的进度，并在适当的情况下使其适应不断变化的要求。

在以下几个方面确定了最需要采取行动的主题：

• 修订和进一步发展《替代燃料基础设施指令》（AFID）（2014/94 / EU），《氢和燃料电池车辆全球技术法规》（GTR 13）以及《关于国际公路危险货物运输的欧洲协定》（ ADR）。
• 在ISO相关国际机构（例如技术委员会[TC] 197、158、58、22），IEC（例如TC 105和31）和欧洲技术委员会的相关国际机构的框架内制定氢和燃料电池标准CEN / CENELEC（例如TC 268和联合TC 6）。
• 来自工业，研究和政府机构的德国和欧洲参与者在这些监管和标准化活动中的参与度更高