Deeply Cycled Sodium Metal Anodes at Low Temperature and in Lean Electrolyte Conditions,Angewandte Chemie International Edition

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Deeply Cycled Sodium Metal Anodes at Low Temperature and in Lean Electrolyte Conditions
Angewandte Chemie International Edition ( IF 16.1 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-30 , DOI: 10.1002/anie.202014241
Xiaofei Hu ₁ , Edward Matios ₁ , Yiwen Zhang ₁ , Chuanlong Wang ₁ , Jianmin Luo ₁ , Weiyang Li ₁

Affiliation

Enabling high‐performing alkali metal anodes at low temperature and in lean electrolyte conditions is critical for the advancement of next‐generation batteries with high energy density and improved safety. We present an ether–ionic liquid composite electrolyte to tackle the problem of dendrite growth of metallic sodium anode at low temperatures ranging from 0 to −40 °C. This composite electrolyte enables a stable sodium metal anode to be deeply cycled at 2 mA cm⁻² with an ultrahigh reversible capacity of 50 mAh cm⁻² for 500 hours at −20 °C in lean electrolyte (1.0 μL mAh⁻¹) conditions. Using the composite electrolyte, full cells with Na₃V₂(PO₄)₃ as cathode and sodium metal as anode present a high capacity retention of 90.7 % after 1,000 cycles at 2C at −20 °C. The sodium–carbon dioxide batteries also exhibit a reversible capacity of 1,000 mAh g⁻¹ over 50 cycles across a range of temperatures from −20 to 25 °C.

中文翻译：

低温和稀电解质条件下的深循环钠金属阳极

在低温和稀薄的电解质条件下启用高性能的碱金属阳极，对于发展具有高能量密度和更高安全性的下一代电池至关重要。我们提出一种醚离子液体复合电解质，以解决在0至-40°C的低温下金属钠阳极的枝晶生长问题。这种复合电解质可使稳定的钠金属阳极在稀薄电解质（1.0μLmAh ^-1）条件下，在-20°C下以50 mAh cm ^-2的超高可逆容量在2 mA cm ^-2的深度下循环500小时。使用复合电解质，可充满Na ₃ V ₂（PO ₄）_3的完整电池在20°C下于2 C下进行1000次循环后，作为阴极的金属钠盐和作为阳极的金属钠盐表现出90.7％的高容量保持率。在-20至25°C的温度范围内，钠-二氧化碳电池在50个循环内还显示出1,000 mAh g ^-1的可逆容量。

更新日期：2020-11-30

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