Jurisdictions and industries are setting ambitious goals to decarbonize energy systems. Low-cost wind, solar, and natural gas and the resultant dynamic electric grid require energy technologies to adapt in order to meet key attributes for modern energy systems: resilience, reliability, security, affordability, flexibility, and sustainability. When considering energy sources independently and competitively, value-added synergies among energy technologies may be overlooked for meeting demanding, multidimensional requirements. This paper presents novel concepts for tightly coupled hybrid energy systems that leverage capabilities of diverse energy generators, including renewable, nuclear, and fossil with carbon capture, to provide power, heat, mobility, and other energy services. The paper also presents a framework for engineering-based modeling and analysis for complex optimization of energy generation, transmission, services, processes and products, and market interactions. New modeling capabilities are needed to adequately represent multi-input, multi-output tightly coupled hybrid energy systems that utilize multiple feedstocks to create multiple products and services in novel and synergistic ways through increased coordination of energy systems and tightly coupled hybrid system configurations.

司法管辖区和行业正在设定雄心勃勃的目标，以使能源系统脱碳。低成本的风能，太阳能和天然气以及由此产生的动态电网需要能源技术进行适应，才能满足现代能源系统的关键特征：弹性，可靠性，安全性，可承受性，灵活性和可持续性。在独立和竞争地考虑能源时，为了满足苛刻的多维要求，可能会忽略能源技术之间的增值协同作用。本文提出了紧密耦合的混合能源系统的新概念，该系统利用包括可再生能源，核能和化石在内的多种能源产生器的功能来捕获碳，以提供电力，热量，流动性和其他能源服务。本文还提出了一个基于工程的建模和分析框架，用于能源产生，传输，服务，过程和产品以及市场互动的复杂优化。需要新的建模功能来充分表示多输入，多输出的紧密耦合混合能源系统，该系统利用多种原料通过增强能源系统和紧密耦合混合系统配置的协调性，以新颖和协同的方式创建多种产品和服务。