Ectatic corneal disease (ECD) comprises a group of disorders characterized by progressive thinning and subsequent bulging of the corneal structure. Different phenotypes have been recognized, including keratoglobus, pellucid marginal degeneration (PMD), and keratoconus (KC). Keratoconus has been widely investigated throughout the years, but the advent of laser refractive surgery boosted an immediate need for more knowledge and research about ectatic diseases. This article discusses nomenclature of ectatic disease, etiology and pathogenesis, along with treatment options, with special focus ok KC and forme fruste keratoconus.

中文翻译：

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特病

局部角膜疾病（ECD）包括一组以角膜结构逐渐变薄和随后鼓胀为特征的疾病。已经认识到不同的表型，包括圆锥角膜，透明边缘变性（PMD）和圆锥角膜（KC）。多年来，圆锥角膜已经得到了广泛的研究，但是激光屈光手术的出现促使人们迫切需要更多有关直肠疾病的知识和研究。本文讨论了直肠疾病的命名法，病因和发病机理，以及治疗方案，特别着眼于KC和圆锥形圆锥角膜。