Metal(loid)s are toxic to animal life, human health and plants; therefore, their removal from polluted areas is imperative in order to minimize their impact on the ecosystems. The use of plant-amendment-microorganism synergy is a promising option, but not yet fully explored, to manage lands contaminated with metal(loid)s. However, molecular factors and mechanisms underlying this interaction are almost unknown. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of amendments and bacteria, both alone and in combination, on Arabidopsis thaliana grown on arsenic and lead polluted soils. To accomplish this aim, a pot experiment was performed testing the effect of biochar and/or autochthonous metal(loid) resistant Bacillus isolates on physico-chemical soil properties and on plant growth and metal(loid) uptake/intake. Furthermore, bioinformatics-assisted proteomics was used to understand common and specific mechanisms regulating plant growth and metal(loid) tolerance in tested conditions. Results showed that biochar and/or Bacillus induced significant and positive effects on soil properties, increasing pH, C_tot, N_tot and P_tot concentrations and decreasing nutrients (N_av and P_av), As and Pb availability. Plant growth was also enhanced by addition of biochar and/or bacterial inoculum, reaching the maximum when biochar and microorganism were combined. The deciphering of molecular mechanisms revealed that combination of biochar and bacterial inoculation mitigate Arabidopsis growth and defense tradeoff, and underline the great potential of plant-biochar-inoculum synergic application in more effective and large scale-up phytostabilizing systems.

金属（类）对动物生命，人类健康和植物有毒；因此，必须将其从污染地区清除，以最大程度地减少其对生态系统的影响。使用植物-修饰-微生物协同作用是管理金属（胶体）污染土地的一种有前途的选择，但尚未充分探索。但是，这种相互作用的分子因素和机理几乎是未知的。本研究的目的是评估单独和组合使用的改良剂和细菌对砷和铅污染土壤上生长的拟南芥的影响。为了达到这个目的，进行了盆栽试验，以测试生物炭和/或耐本地金属（胶体）芽孢杆菌的作用分离物对土壤的理化性质，植物的生长和金属（胶体）的吸收/吸收。此外，使用生物信息学辅助的蛋白质组学来了解在测试条件下调节植物生长和金属（金属）耐受性的常见机制和特定机制。结果表明，生物炭和/或芽孢杆菌对土壤特性产生了显着和积极的影响，增加了pH，C _tot，N _tot和P _tot的浓度并减少了养分（N _av和P _av），砷和铅的可用性。通过添加生物炭和/或细菌接种物，植物的生长也得到了增强，当生物炭和微生物结合在一起时达到了最大值。分子机制的破译揭示了生物炭和细菌接种的结合减轻了拟南芥的生长和防御权衡，并强调了植物-生物炭-菌群协同应用在更有效和大规模的植物稳定系统中的巨大潜力。