BACKGROUND Blood has been the usual biological fluid for measuring analytes, but there is mounting evidence that saliva may be also useful for detecting cytokines in a noninvasive way. Thus, in this study we aimed to determine concentration of cytokines and other analytes in saliva from a population of healthy children. METHODS We collected un-stimulated whole saliva samples from clinically healthy children, and concentration of 17 cytokines and 12 other analytes were measured in supernatants. All values were adjusted by albumin content and were log-transformed before multivariate statistical analysis. RESULTS We included 114 children (53.5% females) between 6.0 and 11.9 years old. The highest concentrations (medians, pg/µg albumin) were seen for visfatin (183.70) and adiponectin (162.26) and the lowest for IL-13 and IL-2 (~0.003). Albumin concentration was associated with age (rS = 0.39, p < 0.001). In the multivariate analysis, five analytes (C peptide, ghrelin, GLP-1, glucagon, leptin) inversely correlated with age and positively with height-for-age. Age was also positively associated with PAI-1, while height-for-age was also positively associated with insulin and visfatin. Finally, BMI-for-age had a positive correlation with GM-CSF and insulin. CONCLUSIONS Herein, we provided concentration values for 29 analytes in saliva from healthy children that may be useful as preliminary reference framework in the clinical research setting.

中文翻译：

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健康儿童唾液中细胞因子和其他分析物的浓度

背景技术血液一直是用于测量分析物的常用生物流体，但越来越多的证据表明唾液也可用于以非侵入性方式检测细胞因子。因此，在本研究中，我们旨在确定健康儿童群体唾液中细胞因子和其他分析物的浓度。方法 我们从临床健康儿童中收集未经刺激的全唾液样本，并测量上清液中 17 种细胞因子和 12 种其他分析物的浓度。所有值都根据白蛋白含量进行了调整，并在多变量统计分析之前进行了对数转换。结果 我们纳入了 114 名 6.0 至 11.9 岁的儿童（53.5% 为女性）。visfatin (183.70) 和脂联素 (162.26) 的浓度最高（中位数，pg/µg 白蛋白），IL-13 和 IL-2 (~0.003) 的浓度最低。白蛋白浓度与年龄相关（rS = 0.39，p < 0.001）。在多变量分析中，五种分析物（C 肽、生长素释放肽、GLP-1、胰高血糖素、瘦素）与年龄呈负相关，与年龄别身高呈正相关。年龄也与 PAI-1 呈正相关，而年龄别身高也与胰岛素和内脂素呈正相关。最后，年龄别BMI与GM-CSF和胰岛素呈正相关。结论 在此，我们提供了健康儿童唾液中 29 种分析物的浓度值，这些值可用作临床研究环境中的初步参考框架。年龄也与 PAI-1 呈正相关，而年龄别身高也与胰岛素和内脂素呈正相关。最后，年龄别BMI与GM-CSF和胰岛素呈正相关。结论 在此，我们提供了健康儿童唾液中 29 种分析物的浓度值，这些值可用作临床研究环境中的初步参考框架。年龄也与 PAI-1 呈正相关，而年龄别身高也与胰岛素和内脂素呈正相关。最后，年龄别BMI与GM-CSF和胰岛素呈正相关。结论 在此，我们提供了健康儿童唾液中 29 种分析物的浓度值，这些值可用作临床研究环境中的初步参考框架。