The aim of this study was to investigate the rate of resistance to macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (MLSB) antibiotics, the mechanisms underlying this resistance and to evaluate their relationship with virulence genes profiles of 435 Bulgarian clinical isolates Staphylococcus aureus. The highest resistance was observed to penicillin (96.09%), followed by resistance to erythromycin and clindamycin (34.02 and 22.76%, respectively). Of the tested clinical strains of S. aureus, 96.09% contained the blaZ gene associated with penicillin resistance and 11.03%, the mecA gene responsible for methicillin resistance. The most prevalent were the erm genotypes associated with the presence mainly of ermA and ermC genes followed by ermB. The frequency rates of these genes, alone or in combinations were ermA 41.89%, ermB 27.70%, ermC 43.99%. The majority of Bulgarian macrolide resistant S. aureus exhibited cMLS phenotype, in 58.78% (P = 0.0036). The following virulence genotypes were present significantly more often in the macrolide resistant S. aureus isolates among the studied ones: hlg; hlg,seb; hlg,seb,sec; hlg,seb,seh; hlg,sec; hlg,sec,sei; hlg,sec,sei; hlg,sei; hlg,sei,sej; hlg,sej. This survey found correlation between the virulence profiles with a small number of genes and macrolide resistance among Bulgarian clinical S. aureus isolates, in contrast to sensitive strains, which possessed profiles predominantly with multiple genes.

中文翻译：

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保加利亚金黄色葡萄球菌分离株中 MLSB 耐药性与流行毒力基因型之间的关系。


本研究的目的是调查大环内酯-林可酰胺-链霉素 B (MLSB) 抗生素的耐药率、耐药机制，并评估其与 435 株保加利亚临床分离金黄色葡萄球菌毒力基因谱的关系。对青霉素的耐药性最高（96.09%），其次是对红霉素和克林霉素的耐药性（分别为34.02%和22.76%）。在所测试的金黄色葡萄球菌临床菌株中，96.09%含有与青霉素耐药相关的blaZ基因，11.03%含有与甲氧西林耐药相关的mecA基因。最常见的是 erm 基因型，主要与 ermA 和 ermC 基因的存在相关，其次是 ermB。这些基因单独或组合的频率为ermA 41.89%、ermB 27.70%、ermC 43.99%。大多数保加利亚大环内酯类耐药金黄色葡萄球菌表现出 cMLS 表型，占 58.78% (P = 0.0036)。在所研究的大环内酯类抗性金黄色葡萄球菌分离株中，以下毒力基因型明显更常见：hlg； hlg、seb； hlg、seb、秒； hlg、seb、seh； HLG，秒； hlg，秒，sei； hlg，秒，sei； hlg，sei； hlg、sei、sej； HLG、SEJ。这项调查发现保加利亚临床金黄色葡萄球菌分离株中少量基因的毒力谱与大环内酯类耐药性之间存在相关性，而敏感菌株主要具有多个基因的毒力谱。