Skeletal muscle injuries have bothered doctors and caused great burdens to the public medical insurance system for a long time. Once injured, skeletal muscles usually go through the processes of inflammation, repairing and remodeling. If repairing and remodeling stages are out of balance, scars will be formed to replace injured skeletal muscles. At present, clinicians usually use conventional methods to restore the injured skeletal muscles, such as flap transplantation. However, flap transplantation sometimes needs to sacrifice healthy autologous tissues and will bring extra harm to patients. In recent years, stem cells-based tissue engineering provides us new treatment ideas for skeletal muscle injuries. Stem cells are cells with multiple differentiation potential and have ability to differentiate into adult cells under special condition. Skeletal muscle tissues also have stem cells, called satellite cells, but they are in small amount and new muscle fibers that derived from them may not be enough to replace injured fibers. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) could promote musculoskeletal tissue regeneration and activate the myogenic differentiation of satellite cells. Biomaterial is another important factor to promote tissue regeneration and greatly enhance physiological activities of stem cells in vivo. The combined use of stem cells and biomaterials will gradually become a mainstream to restore injured skeletal muscles in the future. This review article mainly focuses on the review of research about the application of BM-MSCs and several major biomaterials in skeletal muscle regeneration over the past decades.

长期以来，骨骼肌损伤困扰着医生，并给公共医疗保险系统造成了沉重负担。一旦受伤，骨骼肌通常会经历炎症，修复和重塑的过程。如果修复和重塑阶段不平衡，则会形成疤痕来代替受伤的骨骼肌。目前，临床医生通常使用常规方法来恢复受伤的骨骼肌，例如皮瓣移植。然而，皮瓣移植有时需要牺牲健康的自体组织，这将给患者带来额外的伤害。近年来，基于干细胞的组织工程为我们提供了针对骨骼肌损伤的新治疗方法。干细胞是具有多种分化潜能的细胞，在特殊条件下具有分化为成年细胞的能力。骨骼肌组织也有称为卫星细胞的干细胞，但是它们的数量很少，并且衍生自它们的新肌肉纤维可能不足以替代受损的纤维。骨髓间充质干细胞（BM-MSC）可以促进肌肉骨骼组织再生并激活卫星细胞的成肌分化。生物材料是促进组织再生并大大增强干细胞生理活性的另一个重要因素体内。干细胞和生物材料的结合使用将逐渐成为将来修复受伤的骨骼肌的主流。这篇综述文章主要着眼于过去几十年间有关BM-MSC和几种主要生物材料在骨骼肌再生中的应用的研究综述。