Abstract The response of glaciers and ice caps to past climate change provides important insight into how they will react to ongoing and future global warming. In Svalbard, the Holocene glacial history has been studied for many cirque and valley glaciers. However, little is known about how the larger ice caps in Svalbard responded to Late Glacial and Holocene climate changes. Here we use lake sediment cores and geophysical data from Femmilsjoen, one of Svalbard’s largest lakes, to reconstruct the glacial history of the Asgardfonna Ice Cap since the last deglaciation. We find that Femmilsjoen potentially deglaciated prior to 16.1 ± 0.3 cal ka BP and became isolated from the marine environment between 11.7 ± 0.3 to 11.3 ± 0.2 cal ka BP. Glacial meltwater runoff was absent between 10.1 ± 0.4 and 3.2 ± 0.2 cal ka BP, indicating that Asgardfonna was greatly reduced or disappeared in the Early and Middle Holocene. Deposition of glacial-meltwater sediments re-commenced in Femmilsjoen at c. 3.2 ± 0.2 cal ka BP, indicating glacier re-growth in the Femmilsjoen catchment and the onset of the Neoglacial. The glacier(s) in the Femmilsjoen catchment area reached sizes no smaller than their modern extents already at c. 2.1 ± 0.7 cal ka BP. Our results suggest that larger Svalbard ice caps such as Asgardfonna are very sensitive to climate changes and probably melted completely during the Holocene Thermal Maximum. Such information can be used as important constraints in future ice-cap simulations.

中文翻译：

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自上次冰川作用以来，斯匹次卑尔根东北部 Åsgardfonna 冰帽的冰川历史

摘要 冰川和冰盖对过去气候变化的响应为了解它们将如何应对持续和未来的全球变暖提供了重要的见解。在斯瓦尔巴群岛，许多冰斗和山谷冰川的全新世冰川历史已经被研究过。然而，人们对斯瓦尔巴群岛较大的冰盖如何应对晚冰期和全新世气候变化知之甚少。在这里，我们使用来自 Femmilsjoen（斯瓦尔巴群岛最大的湖泊之一）的湖泊沉积物核心和地球物理数据来重建自上次冰川消退以来 Asgardfonna 冰盖的冰川历史。我们发现 Femmilsjoen 可能在 16.1 ± 0.3 cal ka BP 之前消融，并在 11.7 ± 0.3 至 11.3 ± 0.2 cal ka BP 之间与海洋环境隔离。在 10.1 ± 0.4 和 3.2 ± 0.2 cal ka BP 之间没有冰川融水径流，表明 Asgardfonna 在早、中全新世大大减少或消失。冰川融水沉积物的沉积在 c. Femmilsjoen 重新开始。3.2 ± 0.2 cal ka BP，表明 Femmilsjoen 流域的冰川重新生长和新冰期的开始。Femmilsjoen 集水区的冰川大小不小于其在 c 时的现代范围。2.1 ± 0.7 cal ka BP。我们的研究结果表明，较大的斯瓦尔巴冰盖，例如 Asgardfonna，对气候变化非常敏感，并且可能在全新世热最大值期间完全融化。此类信息可用作未来冰盖模拟的重要约束条件。表明 Femmilsjoen 流域的冰川重新生长和新冰期的开始。Femmilsjoen 集水区的冰川大小不小于其在 c 时的现代范围。2.1 ± 0.7 cal ka BP。我们的研究结果表明，较大的斯瓦尔巴冰盖（例如 Asgardfonna）对气候变化非常敏感，并且可能在全新世热最大值期间完全融化。此类信息可用作未来冰盖模拟的重要约束条件。表明 Femmilsjoen 流域的冰川重新生长和新冰期的开始。Femmilsjoen 集水区的冰川大小不小于其在 c 时的现代范围。2.1 ± 0.7 cal ka BP。我们的研究结果表明，较大的斯瓦尔巴冰盖（例如 Asgardfonna）对气候变化非常敏感，并且可能在全新世热最大值期间完全融化。此类信息可用作未来冰盖模拟的重要约束条件。我们的研究结果表明，较大的斯瓦尔巴冰盖（例如 Asgardfonna）对气候变化非常敏感，并且可能在全新世热最大值期间完全融化。此类信息可用作未来冰盖模拟的重要约束条件。我们的研究结果表明，较大的斯瓦尔巴冰盖（例如 Asgardfonna）对气候变化非常敏感，并且可能在全新世热最大值期间完全融化。此类信息可用作未来冰盖模拟的重要约束条件。