At the dawn of the industrial revolution, the exorbitant use of heavy metals and toxic elements by mankind unfurls a powerful and complex web of hazard all around the world that significantly contributed to unprecedented trends in environmental degradation. Plants as sessile organisms, that cannot escape from the stress directly, have adapted to this environment via concurrent configurations of several traits. Among them the anatomy has been identified as much more advanced field of research that brought the explosion of interest among the expertise and its prodigious importance in stress physiology is unavoidable. In conjunction with various other disciplines, like physiology, biochemistry, genomics and metabolomics, the plant anatomy provides a large data sets that are paving the way towards a comprehensive and holistic understanding of plant growth, development, defense and productivity under heavy metal and toxic element stress. Present paper advances our recent knowledge about structural alterations of plant tissues induced by metals and metalloids, like antimony (Sb), arsenic (As), aluminium (Al), copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), manganese (Mn), mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni) and zinc (Zn) and points on essential role of plant anatomy and its understanding for plant growth and development in changing environment. Understanding of anatomical adaptations of various plant organs and tissues to heavy metals and metalloids could greatly contribute to integral and modern approach for investigation of plants in changing environmental conditions. These findings are necessary for understanding of the whole spectra of physiological and biochemical reactions in plants and to maintain the crop productivity worldwide. Moreover, our holistic perception regarding the processes underlying the plant responses to metal(loids) at anatomical level are needed for improving crop management and breeding techniques.

在工业革命的曙光中，人类过度使用重金属和有毒元素，揭开了全世界强大而复杂的危害网，为环境退化的空前趋势做出了重大贡献。不能直接从胁迫中逃脱的作为无柄生物的植物通过同时具有多个性状而适应了这种环境。其中，解剖学已被认为是更为先进的研究领域，这引起了专家的兴趣激增，并且其在应激生理学中的巨大重要性是不可避免的。结合生理学，生物化学，基因组学和代谢组学等其他学科，植物解剖学提供了大量数据集，为全面，全面地了解重金属和有毒元素胁迫下植物的生长，发育，防御和生产力奠定了基础。本论文使我们对由金属和准金属（如锑（Sb），砷（As），铝（Al），铜（Cu），镉（Cd），铬（Cr），铅）引起的植物组织的结构变化的最新知识有所了解。 （Pb），锰（Mn），汞（Hg），镍（Ni）和锌（Zn），并指出了植物解剖学的重要作用及其对变化环境中植物生长发育的理解。了解各种植物器官和组织对重金属和准金属的解剖适应性，可能会大大有助于在不断变化的环境条件下研究植物的整体和现代方法。这些发现对于理解植物的生理和生化反应的整个光谱以及维持世界范围的作物生产力是必要的。此外，需要我们对植物在解剖学上对金属（类金属）作出反应的过程的整体认识来改善作物管理和育种技术。