A massive increase in the amount of data traffic over mobile wireless communication has been observed in recent years, while further rapid growth is expected in the years ahead. The current fourth-generation (4G) mobile networks are evolving to the fifth-generation (5G) networks to fulfill the demand for high data rates and broad network coverage. The advent of the ultra-dense 5G network and a vast number of connected devices will bring about the obvious issues of significantly increased system energy consumption, operational expenses, and carbon dioxide emissions. Renewable energy is considered a viable and practical approach to power the small cell base station in an ultra-dense 5G network infrastructure to reduce the energy provisions from the electric grid and carbon dioxide emissions. In this paper, we discuss the role of renewable energy in the design of sustainable, eco-friendly, and cost-effective 5G mobile networks and provide a comprehensive survey on the state-of-art of renewable energy management techniques aiming to promote the sustainability and cost reduction of the large-scale mobile wireless infrastructures. This survey specifically covers a variety of energy efficiency techniques, the utilization of renewable energy sources, interaction with the smart grid (SG), and the renewable energy powered base stations. It also highlights the outstanding technical challenges and future perspectives to enable future sustainable 5G network infrastructure.

近年来，已观察到通过移动无线通信的数据业务量大量增加，而在未来几年中，预计将进一步快速增长。当前的第四代（4G）移动网络正在向第五代（5G）网络发展，以满足对高数据速率和广泛的网络覆盖的需求。超密集5G网络和大量连接设备的出现将带来明显的问题，即系统能耗，运营费用和二氧化碳排放量将大大增加。可再生能源被认为是为超密集5G网络基础架构中的小型基站供电的可行且实用的方法，以减少电网和二氧化碳排放中的能源供应。在本文中，我们讨论了可再生能源在设计可持续，环保和具有成本效益的5G移动网络中的作用，并就旨在促进可持续发展和降低成本的可再生能源管理技术的最新状况进行了全面调查。大型移动无线基础设施。该调查特别涵盖了各种节能技术，可再生能源的利用，与智能电网（SG）的交互以及可再生能源供电的基站。它还强调了实现未来可持续的5G网络基础设施的巨大技术挑战和未来前景。以及具有成本效益的5G移动网络，并对旨在促进大规模移动无线基础设施的可持续性和降低成本的可再生能源管理技术的最新状态进行了全面调查。该调查特别涵盖了各种节能技术，可再生能源的利用，与智能电网（SG）的交互以及可再生能源供电的基站。它还强调了实现未来可持续的5G网络基础设施的巨大技术挑战和未来前景。以及具有成本效益的5G移动网络，并对旨在促进大规模移动无线基础设施的可持续性和降低成本的可再生能源管理技术的最新发展状况进行了全面调查。该调查特别涵盖了各种节能技术，可再生能源的利用，与智能电网（SG）的交互以及可再生能源供电的基站。它还强调了实现未来可持续的5G网络基础设施的巨大技术挑战和未来前景。和可再生能源基站。它还强调了实现未来可持续的5G网络基础设施的巨大技术挑战和未来前景。和可再生能源基站。它还强调了实现未来可持续的5G网络基础设施的巨大技术挑战和未来前景。