In this study, the graphene oxide surface was modified by grafting of nanocellulose and copper nanoparticles to promote the surface charge and adsorption efficiency for malachite green (MG). The structural and configurational properties of GO-CEL-Cu were verified by UV/Vis, SEM, TEM, EDX and FTIR spectroscopy and confirmed the electrostatic interaction and hydrogen bonding between GO, CEL and Cu-NPs. TEM images confirmed the deposition of Cu-NPs size between 24 and 37 nm on the GO surface. The uniform fine particles size makes strong interfacial interaction with GO sheets result in efficient load transfer from the matrix to the hybrid. The variable parameters such as adsorbent amount, MG concentration, pH, time and temperature were investigated to achieve optimum experimental condition. The experimental data was justified by Langmuir isotherm model with adsorption capacity for GO, GO-Cu, GO-CEL, GO-CEL-Cu as 127.3, 149.2, 156.8 and 207.1 mg/g, respectively. The spontaneity and endothermic nature of the process were confirmed by negative Gibbs free energy and followed the pseudo-second-order rate equation. Additionally, positive values of enthalpy and entropy suggesting endothermic process and increase randomness during process, respectively. In conclusion, nanocomposite is capable to adsorb the toxic dye due to its well economic, eco-friendly, well adsorption rate and regeneration ability.

在这项研究中，通过接枝纳米纤维素和铜纳米颗粒来修饰氧化石墨烯表面，以提高孔雀石绿（MG）的表面电荷和吸附效率。通过UV / Vis，SEM，TEM，EDX和FTIR光谱验证了GO-CEL-Cu的结构和构型特性，并确认了GO，CEL和Cu-NP之间的静电相互作用和氢键。TEM图像证实了GO表面上Cu-NP尺寸在24至37 nm之间的沉积。均匀的细小颗粒尺寸使与GO薄板的界面相互作用更强，从而有效地将负载从基体转移至杂化体。为了达到最佳的实验条件，研究了诸如吸附量，MG浓度，pH，时间和温度等可变参数。用Langmuir等温模型证明了实验数据的正确性，其对GO，GO-Cu，GO-CEL，GO-CEL-Cu的吸附量分别为127.3、149.2、156.8和207.1 mg / g。该过程的自发性和吸热性由负吉布斯自由能确定，并遵循拟二级速率方程。另外，焓和熵的正值分别表明吸热过程并增加了过程中的随机性。总之，纳米复合材料具有良好的经济性，生态友好性，良好的吸附速率和再生能力，因此能够吸附有毒染料。该过程的自发性和吸热性由负吉布斯自由能确定，并遵循拟二级速率方程。另外，焓和熵的正值分别表明吸热过程并增加了过程中的随机性。总之，纳米复合材料具有良好的经济性，环保性，良好的吸附速率和再生能力，因此能够吸附有毒染料。该过程的自发性和吸热性由负吉布斯自由能确定，并遵循拟二级速率方程。另外，焓和熵的正值分别表明吸热过程并增加了过程中的随机性。总之，纳米复合材料具有良好的经济性，生态友好性，良好的吸附速率和再生能力，因此能够吸附有毒染料。