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Subaerial morphology affected by groundwater aggressiveness: sinkhole susceptibility above karstified salt, Dead Sea
Geomorphology ( IF 3.1 ) Pub Date : 2021-02-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2020.107525
Michael Ezersky , Amos Frumkin

Abstract Evaporite karst is intensively developing at the Dead Sea (DS), both along its western and eastern shores. The collapse of overlying sediments into evaporite karst cavities results in sinkhole formation. The dissolution is produced by undersaturated water, aggressive concerning halite. The evaporite karst is developing rapidly, in the time scale of months to years, so groundwater aggressiveness is a relevant factor for sinkhole susceptibility assessment. The present study analyzes sinkhole development concerning groundwater aggressiveness. The aggressiveness is evaluated from bulk resistivity (ρx) of the aquifer, measured from the surface using the Transient Electromagnetic (TEM) method, and from resistivity (ρw) of groundwater filling its pores. We suggest a methodology for water aggressiveness determination and its classification concerning salt. We then demonstrate a significant correlation between water aggressiveness and the actual distribution of sinkholes in five study areas along the Dead Sea. Conversely, we show that the timing of sinkholes occurrence within recent decades does not correlate with water aggressiveness. The timing is attributed to the multiple factors that control the dissolution of salt and consequent collapse. Acknowledging that the real hydrogeological conditions involve multifactorial processes, we shortly analyze other concurrent factors, including water table depth, existing salt karstification east of the salt edge, and site location relative to the salt edge.

中文翻译:

受地下水侵蚀性影响的地下形态:死海岩溶盐上方落水洞的敏感性

摘要 蒸发岩岩溶在死海(DS)沿其西岸和东岸密集发育。上覆沉积物坍塌成蒸发岩溶洞导致落水洞的形成。溶解是由不饱和水产生的,对岩盐具有侵蚀性。蒸发岩溶发育迅速,时间尺度为数月至数年,因此地下水侵蚀性是天坑敏感性评估的相关因素。本研究分析了有关地下水侵蚀性的天坑发育。侵蚀性通过使用瞬态电磁 (TEM) 方法从表面测量的含水层的体电阻率 (ρx) 和填充其孔隙的地下水的电阻率 (ρw) 进行评估。我们建议了一种确定水侵蚀性及其与盐有关的分类的方法。然后,我们证明了死海沿岸五个研究区域中水侵蚀性与落水洞的实际分布之间的显着相关性。相反,我们表明近几十年来天坑发生的时间与水的侵蚀性无关。该时间归因于控制盐溶解和随后坍塌的多种因素。承认真实的水文地质条件涉及多因素过程,我们简要分析了其他并发因素,包括地下水位深度、盐边以东的现有盐岩溶作用以及相对于盐边的站点位置。然后,我们证明了死海沿岸五个研究区域中水侵蚀性与落水洞的实际分布之间的显着相关性。相反,我们表明近几十年来天坑发生的时间与水的侵蚀性无关。该时间归因于控制盐溶解和随后坍塌的多种因素。承认真实的水文地质条件涉及多因素过程,我们简要分析了其他并发因素,包括地下水位深度、盐边以东的现有盐岩溶作用以及相对于盐边的站点位置。然后,我们证明了死海沿岸五个研究区域中水侵蚀性与落水洞的实际分布之间的显着相关性。相反,我们表明近几十年来天坑发生的时间与水的侵蚀性无关。该时间归因于控制盐溶解和随后坍塌的多种因素。承认真实的水文地质条件涉及多因素过程,我们简要分析了其他并发因素,包括地下水位深度、盐边以东的现有盐岩溶作用以及相对于盐边的站点位置。该时间归因于控制盐溶解和随后坍塌的多种因素。承认真实的水文地质条件涉及多因素过程,我们简要分析了其他并发因素,包括地下水位深度、盐边以东的现有盐岩溶作用以及相对于盐边的站点位置。该时间归因于控制盐溶解和随后坍塌的多种因素。承认真实的水文地质条件涉及多因素过程,我们简要分析了其他并发因素,包括地下水位深度、盐边以东的现有盐岩溶作用以及相对于盐边的站点位置。
更新日期:2021-02-01
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