Artificial photosynthesis offers a way of producing fuels or high-value chemicals using a limitless energy source of sunlight and abundant resources such as water, CO2, and/or O2. Inspired by the strategies in natural photosynthesis, researchers have developed a number of homogeneous molecular systems for photocatalytic, photoelectrocatalytic, and electrocatalytic artificial photosynthesis. However, their photochemical instability in homogeneous solution are hurdles for scaled application in real life. Immobilization of molecular catalysts in solid supports support provides a fine blueprint to tackle this issue. This review highlights the recent developments in (i) techniques for immobilizing molecular catalysts in solid supports and (ii) catalytic water splitting, CO2 reduction, and O2 reduction with the support-immobilized molecular catalysts. Remaining challenges for molecular catalyst-based devices for artificial photosynthesis are discussed in the end of this review.

中文翻译：

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人工光合作用分子催化剂的固定化

人工光合作用提供了一种利用无限的阳光能源和丰富的资源（例如水、二氧化碳和/或氧气）生产燃料或高价值化学品的方法。受自然光合作用策略的启发，研究人员开发了许多用于光催化、光电催化和电催化人工光合作用的均质分子系统。然而，它们在均相溶液中的光化学不稳定性是其在现实生活中大规模应用的障碍。将分子催化剂固定在固体载体上为解决这一问题提供了良好的蓝图。本综述重点介绍了 (i) 将分子催化剂固定在固体载体上的技术和 (ii) 使用载体固定化分子催化剂进行催化水分解、CO2 还原和 O2 还原的最新进展。本综述的最后讨论了基于分子催化剂的人工光合作用装置的剩余挑战。