The critical zone is the earth’s surface layer in which the geological environment interacts with human society and the economy (Banwart et al., 2011). It plays a crucial role in regulating natural habitats, supporting economic development and providing ecological services (Richter and Mobley, 2009). The determinants of ecosystem services in critical zones can be divided into three types: internal factors in relation to geology and hydrology; external factors in relation to climate and natural fires; and human activities in relation to land use and urbanization (Bell, 1999). Understanding how these factors contribute to ecosystem processes and services is a key scientific issue in critical zone studies.

中文翻译：

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西南岩溶关键区生态系统过程和服务的决定因素

关键区域是地球的表层，地质环境与人类社会和经济相互作用（Banwart等，2011）。它在调节自然栖息地，支持经济发展和提供生态服务方面起着至关重要的作用（Richter和Mobley，2009年）。关键区域生态系统服务的决定因素可分为三种类型：与地质和水文有关的内部因素；以及 与气候和自然火灾有关的外部因素；与土地利用和城市化有关的人类活动（Bell，1999）。了解这些因素如何促进生态系统过程和服务是关键区域研究中的关键科学问题。