Despite harsh climate, agriculture on the northern margins of Russia still remains the backbone of food security. Historically, in both regions studied in this article – the Republic of Karelia and the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) – agricultural activities as dairy farming and even cropping were well adapted to local conditions including traditional activities such as horse breeding typical for Yakutia. Using three different sources of information – official statistics, expert interviews, and field observations – allowed us to draw a conclusion that there are both similarities and differences in agricultural development and land use of these two studied regions. The differences arise from agro-climate conditions, settlement history, specialization, and spatial pattern of economy. In both regions, farming is concentrated within the areas with most suitable natural conditions. Yet, even there, agricultural land use is shrinking, especially in Karelia. Both regions are prone to being affected by seasonality, but vary in the degree of its influence. Geographical location plays special role, and weaknesses caused by remoteness to some extent become advantage as in Yakutia. Proximity effect is controversial. In Karelia, impact of neighboring Finland is insignificant compared with the nearby second Russian city – Saint Petersburg.

中文翻译：

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俄罗斯北部的农业和土地利用：卡累利阿和雅库特的案例研究

尽管气候恶劣，俄罗斯北部边缘的农业仍然是粮食安全的支柱。从历史上看，本文研究的两个地区（卡累利阿共和国和萨哈共和国（雅库特））都非常适合当地条件，包括奶业甚至农作物的农业活动，包括传统活动，如雅库特典型的马匹繁殖。使用三种不同的信息来源（官方统计，专家访谈和实地观察），我们可以得出以下结论：这两个研究区域的农业发展和土地利用既有相似之处，也有不同之处。差异源于农业气候条件，定居历史，专业化程度和经济的空间格局。在这两个地区 农业集中在自然条件最适宜的地区。但是，即使到那里，农业用地也在减少，尤其是在卡累利阿。这两个地区都容易受到季节性因素的影响，但影响程度不同。地理位置起着特殊的作用，与雅库特一样，由偏远地区引起的劣势在某种程度上成为优势。邻近效应是有争议的。在卡累利阿，与附近的第二个俄罗斯城市圣彼得堡相比，邻国芬兰的影响微不足道。像雅库特（Yakutia）一样，因遥远而导致的弱点在某种程度上也变得有利。邻近效应是有争议的。在卡累利阿，与附近的第二个俄罗斯城市圣彼得堡相比，邻国芬兰的影响微不足道。像雅库特（Yakutia）一样，因遥远而导致的弱点在某种程度上也变得有利。接近效果是有争议的。在卡累利阿，与附近的第二个俄罗斯城市圣彼得堡相比，邻国芬兰的影响微不足道。