Abstract Invasive species are those that have been transferred by humans out of their natural range. Native crayfish species in Polish waters include: Astacus astacus and Pontastacus leptodactylus, whereas invasive species are: Pacifastacus leniusculus, Faxonius limosus, Procambarus clarkii and Procambarus virginalis. The objective of this study was to determine how abiotic and biotic environmental factors contribute to interspecific competition of Polish crayfish based on the available literature. Abiotic factors affecting the interspecific competition include tolerance to extreme pH values, calcium ion content, temperature, oxygenation, water salinity, preferred substrate and the type of water bodies. Biotic factors are, inter alia, pathogens, food base, plant cover and interactions in the prey–predator system, as well as interactions between crayfish species. The most important abiotic factors are water temperature and oxygenation, while the most important biotic factor is the crayfish plague – a deadly disease for native species. Each invasive species has a different set of traits and adaptations that enable a successful invasion. However, a successful invasion of a given species is not determined by one, but many adaptations that coexist.

中文翻译：

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非生物和生物因素在波兰小龙虾种间竞争中的作用——综合文献综述

摘要 入侵物种是人类将其转移到自然范围之外的物种。波兰水域的本地小龙虾物种包括：Astacus astacus 和 Pontastacus leptodactylus，而入侵物种是：Pacifastacus leniusculus、Faxonius limosus、Procambarus clarkii 和 Procambarus virginalis。本研究的目的是根据现有文献确定非生物和生物环境因素如何促进波兰小龙虾的种间竞争。影响种间竞争的非生物因素包括对极端 pH 值的耐受性、钙离子含量、温度、氧化、水盐度、首选底物和水体类型。生物因素包括病原体、食物基础、植物覆盖物和猎物-捕食者系统中的相互作用，以及小龙虾物种之间的相互作用。最重要的非生物因素是水温和含氧量，而最重要的生物因素是小龙虾瘟疫——对本地物种来说是一种致命的疾病。每个入侵物种都有一组不同的特征和适应性，可以成功入侵。然而，一个特定物种的成功入侵不是由一个决定的，而是由许多共存的适应决定的。