Abstract The current study was conducted to assess the potential of ginger rhizome extract (Zingiber officinale) for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) through the green method and its mitigating activity against pathogenic bacterial strains. AgNPs were synthesized through a simple one-step approach and characterized by UV-Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), transmission electronic microscopy (TEM), and energy dispersive X-rays spectroscopy (EDS). PXRD and TEM results of AgNPs showed the face central cubic structures and predominantly spherical structures with a size of 6.5 nm. EDS analysis confirms the elemental silver in nanoparticles. Moreover, the impact of the pH, as well as temperature, during the synthesis of AgNPs has also been investigated. At 25°C and pH 5, there was no significant peak for AgNPs in the absorption spectra. However, with an increase in temperature from 25°C to 85°C and pH 5 to pH 11, particles started attaining the spherical shape of different sizes due to an increase in the reduction rate. The AgNPs displayed effective results against selected pathogenic strains, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MTCC 424), Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 43300), and fungus Candida albicans (KACC 30003). The prepared AgNPs exhibited excellent antioxidant activity and catalytic reduction of methyl orange with the pseudo-first-order rate constant of 3.9 × 10−3.

中文翻译：

---

绿色合成银纳米粒子的抗氧化、抗菌和染料还原能力的表征和分析

摘要 本研究旨在评估姜根茎提取物 (Zingiber officinale) 通过绿色方法合成银纳米粒子 (AgNPs) 的潜力及其对致病细菌菌株的缓解活性。AgNPs 是通过简单的一步法合成的，并通过紫外-可见 (UV-Vis) 光谱、粉末 X 射线衍射 (PXRD)、透射电子显微镜 (TEM) 和能量色散 X 射线光谱 (EDS) 进行表征。AgNPs 的 PXRD 和 TEM 结果显示面中心立方结构和尺寸为 6.5 nm 的主要球形结构。EDS 分析证实了纳米粒子中的元素银。此外，还研究了 pH 值和温度对 AgNPs 合成过程的影响。在 25°C 和 pH 值 5 下，在吸收光谱中没有明显的 AgNPs 峰。然而，随着温度从 25°C 升高到 85°C 和 pH 值从 5 升高到 pH 值 11，由于还原率的增加，颗粒开始获得不同尺寸的球形。AgNPs 对选定的致病菌株、铜绿假单胞菌 (MTCC 424)、耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌 (ATCC 43300) 和真菌白色念珠菌 (KACC 30003) 显示出有效的结果。制备的AgNPs表现出优异的抗氧化活性和甲基橙催化还原能力，准一级速率常数为3.9×10-3。AgNPs 对选定的致病菌株、铜绿假单胞菌 (MTCC 424)、耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌 (ATCC 43300) 和真菌白色念珠菌 (KACC 30003) 显示出有效的结果。制备的AgNPs表现出优异的抗氧化活性和甲基橙催化还原能力，准一级速率常数为3.9×10-3。AgNPs 对选定的致病菌株、铜绿假单胞菌 (MTCC 424)、耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌 (ATCC 43300) 和真菌白色念珠菌 (KACC 30003) 显示出有效的结果。制备的AgNPs表现出优异的抗氧化活性和甲基橙催化还原能力，准一级速率常数为3.9×10-3。