Cys-based redox regulation was long regarded a major adjustment mechanism of photosynthesis and metabolism in plants, but in the recent years, its scope has broadened to most fundamental processes of plant life. Drivers of the recent surge in new insights into plant redox regulation have been the availability of the genome-scale information combined with technological advances such as quantitative redox proteomics and in vivo biosensing. Several unexpected findings have started to shift paradigms of redox regulation. Here, we elaborate on a selection of recent advancements, and pinpoint emerging areas and questions of redox biology in plants. We highlight the significance of (1) proactive H₂O₂ generation, (2) the chloroplast as a unique redox site, (3) specificity in thioredoxin complexity, (4) how to oxidize redox switches, (5) governance principles of the redox network, (6) glutathione peroxidase-like proteins, (7) ferroptosis, (8) oxidative protein folding in the ER for phytohormonal regulation, (9) the apoplast as an unchartered redox frontier, (10) redox regulation of respiration, (11) redox transitions in seed germination and (12) the mitochondria as potential new players in reductive stress safeguarding. Our emerging understanding in plants may serve as a blueprint to scrutinize principles of reactive oxygen and Cys-based redox regulation across organisms.

中文翻译：

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植物中基于Cys的氧化还原调节和ROS信号的变化范式和新型参与者-以及下一步行动

长期以来，基于Cys的氧化还原调节一直被认为是植物光合作用和代谢的主要调节机制，但近年来，其范围已扩展到植物生命的最基本过程。对植物氧化还原调节的新见解最近激增的驱动力是基因组规模信息的可获得性以及诸如定量氧化还原蛋白质组学和体内生物传感等技术进步的结合。一些出乎意料的发现已经开始改变氧化还原调节的范式。在这里，我们详细介绍了一些最新进展，并指出了植物中氧化还原生物学的新兴领域和问题。我们强调（1）主动H ₂ O ₂的重要性（2）将叶绿体作为独特的氧化还原位点；（3）硫氧还蛋白复杂性的特异性；（4）如何氧化氧化还原开关；（5）氧化还原网络的调控原理；（6）谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶样蛋白，（ 7）肥大病，（8）ER中的氧化蛋白折叠，用于植物激素调节，（9）质外体作为未知的氧化还原前沿，（10）呼吸的氧化还原调节，（11）种子萌发中的氧化还原过渡，以及（12）线粒体作为减轻压力的潜在新参与者。我们对植物的新认识可能是研究生物体内活性氧和基于Cys的氧化还原调节原理的蓝图。