Centuries-old generative reproduction, relatively favourable agro-ecological conditions, natural selection, and anthropogenic roles have significantly influenced the formation of a rich, heterogeneous population of common walnuts in Montenegro. This variability can be exploited by applying a positive selection of genotypes that would have good ecological adaptability and high economic value and that would not lag behind walnut varieties originating from other countries. The paper presents the results of studying 20 selected walnut genotypes from the continental part of Montenegro in a three-year period. Seinovo variety and the Rasna selection were used as standard. The most important biological and pomological properties were investigated based on the international walnut descriptor. The basic criteria on which the selection approach was based were: late vegetation initiation, earlier date of end of vegetation, well kernel ratio, ease of kernel removal from the shell, shell texture that should be less rough, protecting the kernel, tasty kernel, light coloured kernel, and good chemical composition of the kernel. Genotypes had fruit weight between 8.43 and 13.84 g, kernel weight between 4.20 and 6.54 g, kernel ratio between 39.20 and 52.25%, oil content between 62.04 and 67.23%, and protein content between 13.91 and 19.04%. Most of the selected genotypes have the late time of leaf bud burst, and from that point of view, the BP44 and BP42 genotypes that the leafing on May 5 and 6 are especially interesting, due to avoidance of late frost. The walnut is adapted to the existing agro-ecological conditions over a long period of successful growth in this region, and most genotypes finish their vegetation earlier and are prepared to enter the period of winter dormancy. Genotypes BP09 and AN29 with their properties surpass the worldwide recognized Seinovo, and in this region, highly valued selection Rasna. BP48 and BP50 genotypes also deserve attention due to the quality of the fruit.

中文翻译：

---

黑山核桃（Juglans regia L.）遗传资源的果实品质特性

数百年的生殖繁殖、相对有利的农业生态条件、自然选择和人为作用显着影响了黑山普通核桃丰富、异质的种群的形成。可以通过应用具有良好生态适应性和高经济价值且不会落后于来自其他国家的核桃品种的基因型的积极选择来利用这种变异性。本文介绍了三年内对黑山大陆部分 20 种选定核桃基因型的研究结果。Seinovo 品种和 Rasna 选择被用作标准。基于国际核桃描述符研究了最重要的生物学和果树学特性。选择方法所依据的基本标准是：较晚的植被开始，较早的植被结束日期，良好的仁比，从壳中取出仁的容易程度，壳质地应该不那么粗糙，保护核，可口的核，籽粒颜色浅，籽粒化学成分好。基因型单果重8.43~13.84 g，粒重4.20~6.54 g，粒比39.20~52.25%，含油量62.04~67.23%，蛋白质含量13.91~19.04%。所选择的基因型大部分叶芽萌发时间较晚，从这一点来看，由于避免晚霜，5月5日和6日发芽的BP44和BP42基因型尤为有趣。核桃经过长期的成功生长，适应了该地区现有的农业生态条件，大多数基因型完成植被较早，准备进入冬季休眠期。BP09 和 AN29 基因型的特性超过了世界公认的 Seinovo，在该地区，高度重视选择 Rasna。由于果实的质量，BP48 和 BP50 基因型也值得关注。