当前位置: X-MOL 学术Forests › 论文详情
Our official English website, www.x-mol.net, welcomes your feedback! (Note: you will need to create a separate account there.)
The Cryobiotechnology of Oaks: An Integration of Approaches for the Long-Term Ex Situ Conservation of Quercus Species
Forests ( IF 2.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-29 , DOI: 10.3390/f11121281
Daniel Ballesteros , Hugh W. Pritchard

Conventional dry seed storage is unlikely for about one third of all tree species (and nearly half of evergreen rain forest trees) as they probably produce desiccation sensitive (recalcitrant) seeds. Consequently, international ex situ conservation targets for threatened trees will be difficult to achieve without innovation, especially in cryobiotechnology. We assessed progress in the development of various cryobiotechnology approaches for the preservation of oaks (Quercus), which are keystone species of functioning landscapes, important to the bioeconomy and under increasing threats from the spread of pests and diseases under a changing climate. Various tissues of oaks can be used for banking, from pollen grains to embryo axes. Pollen from five oak species have been shown to be highly desiccation tolerant, making dry pollen storage at low temperatures (including in liquid nitrogen) a valuable technology to support conservation and breeding programs. Somatic embryo (SE) technology and/or shoot tip in vitro technology is available for 39 species, and SE cryopreservation is routinely performed on three commercial species and shoot tips cryopreservation successful in two more species. Seed embryonic axes are the preferred explants for oak ex situ conservation, with tissue survival and regeneration of plants after cryopreservation recorded for 14 and seven species respectively; although differential responses between the shoot and root meristems in the axes are known. Dormant bud preservation seems promising, but is under-researched. Overall, these results indicate the possibility of establishing an integrated platform for the ex situ conservation of oak species based on cryobiotechnology. Challenges of explant choice, optimization of methodologies and large-scale application do remain. However, multiple approaches for the cryopreservation of oak genetic resources are available and implementation programmes should not be delayed, particularly in the centres of species diversity.

中文翻译:

Oaks的低温生物技术:栎属物种的非原生境长期保存方法的整合。

大约三分之一的树木(和近一半的常绿雨林树)不可能采用常规的干种子储存方式,因为它们很可能会产生干燥敏感的种子(难分解的种子)。因此,如果不进行创新,特别是在冷冻生物技术方面,就很难实现国际上对濒危树木的非原生境保护目标。我们评估了各种冷冻生物技术方法在橡木保存方面的进展(栎属),是功能性景观的重要组成部分,对生物经济很重要,并且在气候变化下病虫害蔓延的威胁日益增加。从花粉粒到胚轴,各种橡树组织均可用于储藏。已显示来自五个橡树树种的花粉具有高度的耐干燥性,因此在低温下(包括在液氮中)干燥花粉储存是支持保护和育种计划的宝贵技术。体细胞胚(SE)技术和/或茎尖体外技术可用于39个物种,并且SE低温保存通常在三种商业物种上进行,而茎尖低温保存则在另外两个物种中成功进行。种子胚轴是橡木非原生境保存的首选外植体,冷冻保存后分别有14种和7种植物的组织存活和植物再生。尽管在轴上的芽和根分生组织之间的差异响应是已知的。休眠芽的保存似乎很有希望,但研究不足。总体而言,这些结果表明有可能建立基于冷冻生物技术的橡木物种异地保护的综合平台。外植体选择,方法优化和大规模应用的挑战依然存在。但是,有多种冷冻橡木遗传资源的方法,并且不应延迟实施计划,特别是在物种多样性中心。尽管在轴上的芽和根分生组织之间的差异响应是已知的。休眠芽的保存似乎很有希望,但研究不足。总体而言,这些结果表明有可能建立基于冷冻生物技术的橡木物种异地保护的综合平台。外植体选择,方法优化和大规模应用的挑战依然存在。但是,有多种冷冻橡木遗传资源的方法,并且不应延迟实施计划,特别是在物种多样性中心。尽管在轴上的芽和根分生组织之间的差异响应是已知的。休眠芽的保存似乎很有希望,但研究不足。总体而言,这些结果表明有可能建立基于冷冻生物技术的橡木物种异地保护的综合平台。外植体选择,方法优化和大规模应用的挑战依然存在。但是,有多种冷冻橡木遗传资源的方法,并且不应延迟实施计划,特别是在物种多样性中心。这些结果表明建立基于冷冻生物技术的橡树物种非原生境保护的综合平台的可能性。外植体选择,方法优化和大规模应用的挑战依然存在。但是,有多种冷冻橡木遗传资源的方法,并且不应延迟实施计划,特别是在物种多样性中心。这些结果表明建立基于冷冻生物技术的橡树物种非原生境保护的综合平台的可能性。外植体选择,方法优化和大规模应用的挑战依然存在。但是,有多种冷冻橡木遗传资源的方法,并且不应延迟实施计划,特别是在物种多样性中心。
更新日期:2020-12-01
down
wechat
bug