Hypoxanthine-xanthine oxidase (HX-XOD) induced toxicity would cause damage and even hemolysis in erythrocytes. However, the protective function of peanut hull extract (PHE) against HX-XOD induced damage in human erythrocyte has not been elucidated. We investigated the bioactivities of PHE derived from multicoloured peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) using an erythrocyte model in vitro. The results showed that PHE is rich in luteolin, 5,7-dihydroxychromone, and eriodictyol. The mechanisms underlying the protective effect of PHE on erythrocytes might be linked to luteolin bioactivities. Pure luteolin strongly inhibited HX-XOD-induced damage to erythrocytes, whereas 5,7-dihydroxychromone and eriodictyol did not exert any effects. Further study found that, luteolin suppressed the HX-XOD-induced generation of reactive oxygen species and preserved erythrocyte antioxidative enzymes and non-enzymatic substances. Luteolin reduced uric acid formation and protected the functions of Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase and Ca²⁺/Mg²⁺-ATPase. It also protected the erythrocyte membrane, prevented the conversion of erythrocytes into acanthocytes, and reduced the release of lactate dehydrogenase. These findings showed that luteolin plays multiple protective roles in PHE-mediated protection of erythrocytes against HX-XOD-induced toxicity. This study provides novel evidences for further research on the utilisation of peanut hulls.

次黄嘌呤-黄嘌呤氧化酶（HX-XOD）诱导的毒性会导致红细胞破坏甚至溶血。但是，尚未阐明花生壳提取物（PHE）对HX-XOD诱导的人红细胞损伤的保护作用。我们在体外使用红细胞模型调查了来自多色花生（花生）的PHE的生物活性。。结果表明，PHE中富含木犀草素，5,7-二羟基色酮和雌黄醇。PHE对红细胞的保护作用的潜在机制可能与木犀草素的生物活性有关。纯木犀草素强烈抑制HX-XOD诱导的对红细胞的损害，而5,7-二羟基苯并二氢发色酮和雌黄醇则没有任何作用。进一步的研究发现，木犀草素抑制了HX-XOD诱导的活性氧的生成，并保留了红细胞抗氧化酶和非酶物质。此外，木犀草素减少了尿酸的形成并保护了Na ⁺ / K ⁺ -ATPase和Ca ²⁺ / Mg ^{2+的功能。}-ATP酶。它还可以保护红细胞膜，防止红细胞转化为棘细胞，并减少乳酸脱氢酶的释放。这些发现表明，木犀草素在PHE介导的红细胞抵抗HX-XOD诱导的毒性中起多种保护作用。这项研究为进一步研究花生壳的利用提供了新的证据。