Abstract Securing the growing populations' demand for food energy and water whilst adapting to climate change is extremely challenging. In this regard, bioenergy coupled with carbon capture and storage or utilisation (BECCS/U) is an attractive solution for meeting both the population demand, and offsetting CO2 emissions. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of BECCS/U pathways utilising CO2 for agricultural enrichment in enhancing food systems and reducing GHG emissions within the energy, water and food nexus concept. The study bridges negative emissions with CO2 fertilisation within an integrated system. It consists of a source of CO2 represented by a biomass-based integrated gasification combined cycle with carbon capture, a CO2 network for a sustainable CO2 supply, and a CO2 sink characterised by agricultural greenhouses. A techno-economic and environmental analysis of each of these subsystems is conducted, feeding to an overall performance analysis of the integrated BECCS/U pathway. Results reveal synergetic opportunities between the energy, water and food subsectors, whereby CO2 is captured from an energy sub-system and is efficiently utilised to enhance food sub-systems by improving productivity and reducing crop water requirements. Thus, the proposed integrated BECCS/U system is able to improve food availability by enhancing the food system, increasing the yield by 13.8%, whilst reducing crop water requirements by 28%. System outputs resulted in a levelised cost of 0.35 $/kg of agricultural produce when the system is scaled-up, and an abatement of the related environmental burdens throughout the supply chain by achieving negative CO2 emissions of 24.6 kg/m2.year of cultivated land.

中文翻译：

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农业温室中的二氧化碳利用：一种由生物能源驱动的新型“植物到植物”方法，在能源、水和食物的 Nexus 中具有碳捕获系统

摘要 在适应气候变化的同时确保不断增长的人口对食物能源和水的需求极具挑战性。在这方面，生物能源与碳捕获和储存或利用 (BECCS/U) 相结合，是满足人口需求和抵消二氧化碳排放的有吸引力的解决方案。本研究的目的是评估利用 CO2 进行农业富集的 BECCS/U 途径在能源、水和食物关系概念内加强粮食系统和减少温室气体排放的有效性。该研究在一个综合系统内将负排放与二氧化碳施肥联系起来。它由一个以生物质为基础的综合气化联合循环和碳捕获为代表的 CO2 来源、一个用于可持续 CO2 供应的 CO2 网络、和以农业温室为特征的 CO2 汇。对这些子系统中的每一个进行技术经济和环境分析，为集成 BECCS/U 路径的整体性能分析提供依据。结果揭示了能源、水和食品分部门之间的协同机会，其中二氧化碳从能源子系统中捕获，并通过提高生产力和减少作物对水的需求被有效利用以增强食品子系统。因此，提议的集成 BECCS/U 系统能够通过增强粮食系统来提高粮食供应，将产量提高 13.8%，同时将作物需水量减少 28%。当系统扩大规模时，系统输出导致平均成本为 0.35 美元/公斤农产品，