Abstract The practical application of raw biomass in high-performance supercapacitors is mainly hindered by virtue of their relatively rare efficient storage sites and low diffusion kinetics. Herein, hierarchical porous carbons (HPCs) are synthesized from heavy fraction of bio-oil (HB) based on a hard-template method accompanied by different NaOH activation temperatures. Thanks to the favorable 3D-interconnected hierarchical porous structure, ultrahigh specific surface area (3095 m2 g−1), large total pore volume (1.66 cm3 g−1), as well as reasonable content of oxygen atoms (7.83 at. %), CSB-800 delivers a prominent gravimetric specific capacitance of 351 F g−1 (0.5 A g−1), which is considerably superior or at least comparable than previously reported for other biomass-based materials. In addition, the assembled CSB-800//CSB-800 symmetric supercapacitors can reach a superior energy density of 20 W h kg−1 at a power density of 350 W kg−1 (0.5 A g−1). The route proposed for preparing HB-based HPCs broadens a new horizon in exploring large-scale synthesis of electrode materials from industrial by-product and kitchen waste.

中文翻译：

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使用小龙虾壳作为高性能超级电容器的生物模板，从生物油的重馏分中合成 3D 互连的分级多孔碳

摘要 生物质在高性能超级电容器中的实际应用主要是由于其相对稀有的高效存储位点和低扩散动力学而受到阻碍。在此，基于硬模板法，伴随着不同的 NaOH 活化温度，从生物油 (HB) 的重馏分合成了分级多孔碳 (HPC)。由于有利的 3D 互连分层多孔结构、超高比表面积 (3095 m2 g-1)、大总孔体积 (1.66 cm3 g-1) 以及合理的氧原子含量 (7.83 at. %)， CSB-800 提供了 351 F g-1 (0.5 A g-1) 的显着重量比电容，与之前报道的其他生物质基材料相比，该电容显着优于或至少具有可比性。此外，组装的 CSB-800//CSB-800 对称超级电容器可以在 350 W kg-1 (0.5 A g-1) 的功率密度下达到 20 W h kg-1 的优异能量密度。提出的制备基于 HB 的 HPC 的路线为探索从工业副产品和厨房垃圾大规模合成电极材料开辟了新视野。